The English Village: culture, economy and society in the long run

英国的村庄已经存在了一千年。在这项研究中，我将带来通过一生的学习收集到的材料，以及新的研究。提供一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在通过一种以前从未尝试过的方法，为我们对农村社会的理解做出重要贡献。我将研究并撰写两篇学术文章和第一部实质性的现代专著，涵盖英国村庄的长期历史，考虑到其文化，经济和社会的发展。为了做到这一点，我将利用一系列过去无法同时获得的资源，以及我自己在农村社会研究三十年的知识和经验，包括我担任维多利亚县历史主任期间过去五年的详细工作。英国村庄出现在撒克逊晚期，那时我们第一次发现了有机群落。随着时间的推移，我们可以区分庄园，教区，乡镇和其他地方特征，包括（特别是在英格兰北部）普法尔茨，王权，特许经营权和自由权。本研究旨在通过这样一种方式来理清这些不同的线索，从而建立一个随时间变化的英国村庄模型，该模型将根据村庄的规模和结构、经济活动、社会结构和文化亲和力（包括教区教堂的作用）来区分村庄类型。我将描述,同时评估村通过时间的结构的变化,区分北部、中部和南部教区和庄园,和检查,例如,庄园的衰落的影响,教区的重要性在教会和民事案件,在近代工业化和城市化对村庄的影响,政府的角色,改变村里自第二次世界大战的焦点。我将寻求在每个时期进行对比和比较，以评估全国各地村庄之间由于其经济、社会和文化经历而产生的差异，然后将这些差异与农业实践、教会的作用、庄园的影响、领主（包括居民和非居民）以及移民对村庄发展或衰落的重要性等问题联系起来。在可能的情况下，将与英国和欧洲其他地方的经验进行比较，特别是考虑到教区作为欧洲机构的作用，教会的影响（也许最明显的是在爱尔兰），以及欧洲国家在工业和城市化方面的不同经验，以及这与不同的社会和文化经验之间的关系。总的来说，关键问题是了解英国村庄的经济、社会和文化，看看它是如何在内部和外部压力下发展起来的，并展示今天的村庄是如何随着时间的变化和压力而出现的。该奖学金将使我能够完成对过去一千年英国乡村的主要纵向研究，这将区分其在不同时期和不同地区的形式和结构，并提供一个详细的概述，将为学者和感兴趣的读者提供对乡村社会的评估，这将借鉴一系列主要和次要的资源，为讨论提供信息。

The English village has existed for a millennium. In this research I will bring material collected through a lifetime of learning, together with new research. to deliver an ambitious project designed to make a critical contribution to our understanding of rural society through an approach which has not previously been attempted. I will research and write two academic articles and the first substantial modern monograph covering the long-run history of the English village, taking into account its cultural, economic and social development across time. I will do so by using a range of resources which have not in the past been available simultaneously, together with my own knowledge and experience from thirty years of research in rural society, including detailed work over the past five years while I have been Director of the Victoria County History.The English village emerged in the late Saxon period when we can first identify organic communities. Over time we can distinguish the manor, the parish, the township, and other localised identities including (particularly in northern England) palatinates, regalities, franchises and liberties. The research is designed to disentangle these different strands in such a way as to establish a model of the English village over time, which will distinguish village types in terms of size and structures, economic activities, social structures, and cultural affinities, including the role of the parish church. I shall describe and at the same time assess changes in the structure of the village through time, distinguishing between northern, midland and southern parishes and manors, and examining, for example, the impact of the decline of the manor, the importance of the parish in both ecclesiastical and civil matters, and in more recent times the impact on the village of industrialisation and urbanization, the role of government, and the changing focus of the village since the Second World War. I shall look to draw contrasts and comparisons in each period, to assess the differences between villages across the country as a consequence of their economic, social and cultural experiences, and then relate these differences to issues such as farming practice, the role of the Church, the impact of the manor, lordship (both resident and non-resident), and the importance of migration for the growth or decline of the village. Where possible, comparisons will be drawn with experiences elsewhere in Britain and Europe, taking into account particularly the role of the parish as a European institution, the impact of church (perhaps most notably in Ireland), and the differing experiences of European states in regard to industry and urbanisation, and how this has related to different social and cultural experiences. Overall, the key issue is to understand the economy, society and culture of the English village through time, to see how it developed as a result of internal and external pressures, and to show how the village of today has emerged as a result of changes and pressures over time.The Fellowship will enable me to complet a major longitudinal study of the English village over the past millennium, which will distinguish its form and structure in different periods and in different parts of the country, and provide a detailed overview that will provide both the scholar and the interested reader with an assessment of rural society which draws on a range of sources, both primary and secondary, to inform the discussion.