From Byzantine to Ottonian empires: Venice, Ravenna and Rome, imperial associations and the construction of city identity, c. 750-1000.

中世纪早期意大利的研究是目前国际上一个重要的研究领域。400 ~ 850年间，关于古代晚期、伦巴第、拜占庭和拜占庭时期的意大利都有记载，但对9世纪晚期和10世纪的研究要少得多，尽管它们构成了中世纪和现代意大利乃至整个欧洲发展的重要组成部分。这一时期代表了一个关键的过渡环节之间的中世纪为中心的意大利政治和文化的重点，直到750年，中世纪后期意大利的新兴作用的一部分，中世纪，文艺复兴和现代西欧阿尔卑斯山以北的崛起力量从800年到18世纪世纪。这一时期也是一个关键因素，可以看出世纪以来意大利公社和城邦历史的成功根源。该项目旨在研究北方意大利的三个主要拜占庭城市：罗马、拉文纳和威尼斯，如何通过与拜占庭帝国、查理曼及其继承人以及德意志帝国的关系，特别是在9世纪和10世纪，处理他们不得不面对的帝国意识形态和政策。这三个城市当局对这种不可避免的压力的反应在很大程度上促进了它们自己的公民身份的建立。我们将研究导致他们的统治精英选择与帝国约束结盟或反对的政治和社会优先事项，以及他们在教皇、大主教和总督的指导下做出的政治、宗教和文化选择。我们将看到不同的派别如何通过这些选择争夺对每个城市的控制权，以及城市内部的政治如何影响每个城市身份认同的政治和意识形态选择。定义和分析这些精英的权力，他们的文化和表现在城市中，通过，除其他外，叙事，历史制作基金会帐户，政府行为，外交和交流，人物和头衔，政府机构和仪式，宗教基金会和捐赠，公共虔诚行为，以及建筑和艺术创作，通过对真实的或神话般的过去和现在的创造和不断的重新解释，我们不仅可以理解意大利城市模式后来的成功，而且可以更好地欣赏意识形态和文化在任何企业形象建设中的作用。

The study of Early Medieval Italy is currently a major international field of research. Late Antique, Lombard, Byzantine and Carolingian Italy have been written on across the period 400 to 850, but the late 9th and the 10th centuries have been much less studied, though they constitute an essential component in this development of medieval and modern Italy, and Europe more generally. This period represents a key transitional link between the Mediterranean-centered focus of Italian politics and culture up to 750, and the emerging role of later medieval Italy as part and parcel of the rising power of medieval, Renaissance and modern western Europe North of the Alps from 800 to the 18th century. The period is also a key element for discerning the roots of the later success of the much better known history of the Italian communes and city-states from the 12th century onwards. This project proposes to study the way in which the three main Byzantine cities of northern Italy: Rome, Ravenna and Venice, dealt with the imperial ideologies and policies they had to face through their relationship with the empires of Byzantium, of Charlemagne and his heirs, and of the German Ottonians, especially in the 9th and 10th centuries. The response of the three cities' authorities to this inevitable pressure contributed, to very different degrees, to the construction of their own civic identity. We will be examining the political and social priorities which led their ruling elites to choose alliance with, or opposition to, the imperial constraint, and the political, religious and cultural choices made by them, under the direction of popes, archbishops and doges. We will see how different factions fought for control of each city through these choices, and how internal city politics influenced the political and ideological choices which underlie the creation of each city's identity. Defining and analyzing the power of these elites, their culture and manifestations within the city through, among others, narratives, history-making foundation accounts, acts of government, diplomacy and exchanges, prosopography and titles, government apparatus and ceremonial, religious foundations and endowments, public acts of piety, and architectural and artistic creations, helps us not only to comprehend the later success of the Italian city model, but also better to appreciate the role of ideology and culture in the construction of any corporate identity, through the creation and constant re-interpretation of a real or mythical past and present.