GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER--BRCA1 AND BRCA2

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）许多环境， 生殖和遗传因素与增加 乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。 乳腺癌的早期症状有哪些？ 已被确定为疾病发展的主要风险因素。 遗传倾向可能占乳腺癌的5%到10%。 癌症和卵巢癌。 大约80%的遗传性早期 乳腺癌的发病归因于乳腺癌基因BRCA 1和 BRCA 2. 在具有相同BRCA 1（BRCA 2）突变的家族中， 年龄特异性死亡率、终生死亡率、 乳腺癌和卵巢癌，以及其他癌症的风险。 这种可变性 表明有环境和遗传因素与 BRCA 1和BRCA 2基因。 表型预测因子的识别 表达，不仅在癌症类型方面，而且在调节年龄方面 在发病时，对妇女的筛查和预防策略有影响 乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险显著增加， BRCA 1和BRCA 2基因。 这是一项研究生殖和遗传影响的建议， 可能调节年龄和总体发病率的因素 BRCA 1和BRCA 2突变个体的乳腺癌和卵巢癌。 该队列由白人和非洲裔美国人BRCA 1和BRCA 2组成 变异携带者 我们已经对215个BRCA 1和141个BRCA 2进行了采样 我们的犹他州基因突变携带者，并将继续采样内 这些家庭来识别所有的突变携带者。 信息很少 关于BRCA 1和BRCA 2在非裔美国人中的患病率， 尽管对于44岁以下的妇女， 癌症发病率高于白人。 与达拉斯的合作者， 在芝加哥，我们建议联系非洲裔美国家庭， 乳腺癌和/或卵巢癌，以鉴定BRCA 1和BRCA 2突变，以及 在这些家庭中的样本，以确定所有的突变携带者。 的 在该队列中检查的辅助因素包括初潮年龄， 绝经、产次、首次怀孕年龄、口服避孕药的使用，以及 激素替代疗法 需要研究的遗传因素包括 h-RAS VNTR和致癌物代谢基因GSTT 1、GSTM 1、CYP 2D 6， CYP 1A 1和EPHX。 生存分析模型将用于估计 按年龄和乳腺和卵巢的总体发生率列出的累积发生率 根据激素、生殖和遗传因素分类的癌症。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) Many environmental, reproductive, and genetic factors have been associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. A family history of breast cancer has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of the disease. A genetic predisposition likely accounts for 5 to 10 percent of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Approximately 80 percent of inherited early onset breast cancer is attributed to the breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among families with the same BRCA1 (BRCA2) mutations, there are differences in age-specific penetrance, lifetime penetrance, proportions of breast and ovarian cancer, and risks of other cancers. This variability suggests there are environmental and genetic factors interacting with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The identification of predictors of phenotypic expression, not only in terms of type of cancer but also in modulating age at onset, has implications for screening and prevention strategies for women at significantly increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers due to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. This is a proposal to examine the effects of reproductive and genetic factors which may modulate the incidence by age and overall incidence of breast and ovarian cancers in individuals with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The cohort is composed of Caucasian and African American BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We have already sampled 215 BRCA1 and 141 BRCA2 mutations carriers in our Utah kindreds and will continue to sample within these families to identify all mutation carriers. Little information is available regarding prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in African Americans, although for women less than 44 years of age, their incidence of breast cancer is higher than for Caucasians. With collaborators in Dallas and Chicago, we propose to contact African American families with a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer, to identify BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, and sample within those families to identify all mutations carriers. The cofactors to be examined in this cohort include ages at menarche and menopause, parity, age at first pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. The genetic factors to be investigated include the h-RAS VNTR and carcinogen metabolizing genes GSTT1, GSTM1, CYP2D6, CYP1A1, and EPHX. Survival analysis models will be used to estimate cumulative incidence by age and overall incidence for breast and ovarian cancers stratified by the hormone, reproductive, and genetic factors.