Developing a heritage focused wellbeing measure from Generic Social Outcomes to Generic Wellbeing Outcomes

健康、生活质量和福祉已成为世界各地个人、社区和政府的头等优先领域，并直接影响到许多发达国家的政策制定。大量证据和大量政策指示确认文化和遗产获取在积极的公民意识、社区参与、改善福祉和生活满意度方面发挥着重要作用。遗产部门有机会更密切地参与这一广泛议程，并从其作为资助者和合作伙伴优先事项的优势中获益。博物馆和美术馆已经通过其学习、访问和推广方案对福祉产生了影响，并在其历史上的大部分时间里做到了这一点。与学习一样，挑战是衡量博物馆和美术馆对个人和社区福祉做出的独特但潜在的重大贡献，并明确地向潜在的合作伙伴和资助者宣传进一步的工作。因此，至关重要的是，我们要建立一种可靠的、可重复的衡量标准，以评估这种互动对健康和福祉的价值。此外，这种参与需要强有力的理论和经验证据以及概念性的语言，以便清楚地阐明遗产部门对健康和福祉的贡献的价值。AHRC以前资助的研究表明，根据临床实践中常用的量表衡量，医院和其他医疗保健环境中以遗产为重点的活动显示出显著的福祉改善。对采访的分析表明，患者从他们的临床环境中分心，由于处理和讨论博物馆物品等以遗产为重点的活动，他们感到更快乐和更健康。以艺术为重点的干预措施在医疗保健背景下的效果也得到了很好的记录和审查。研究发现，以艺术为重点的活动可以减少药物消耗，减少住院时间，改善精神健康和社会包容，并增加医疗保健专业人员对精神疾病患者的同理心。英国博物馆和美术馆还有许多其他良好做法的例子，它们的社区准入计划对提高社会福利产生了重大影响；其中几个亮点包括达利奇画廊的“美好时光-艺术处方”计划，东盎格鲁生活博物馆的社会包容计划，科尔切斯特和伊普斯威奇博物馆与心理健康服务用户的工作，以及曼彻斯特博物馆运营的艺术促进健康计划。到目前为止，上述“健康”计划和其他类似计划使用了一系列技术来评估其工作的价值和影响，包括“社会投资回报”模型、心理健康量表和生活质量衡量标准。然而，该部门缺乏一种明确的方法来评估其工作对健康和福祉的影响。在过去的十年里，许多博物馆和美术馆使用了一套名为通用学习成果(GLOS)的衡量标准来评估他们的工作对学习的影响。随后，设计了通用社会成果(GSO)来衡量参观博物馆或遗产所产生的社会效益，例如参观者因参与某一物品或历史遗迹而产生的互动程度。该项目的目标是超越GLO和GSO，制定以遗产为重点的福祉衡量标准，并创建一个新的概念和方法框架(或通用福祉成果，GWO)，用于评估遗产部门对健康和福祉的贡献。通过在不同的博物馆和画廊测试和验证GWO，该项目将评估和促进以遗产为重点的活动对健康、福祉和生活质量的好处。

Health, quality of life and wellbeing have become the number one priority areas for individuals, communities and governments worldwide and directly impact policy making across much of the developed world. A significant body of evidence and numerous policy directives acknowledge the important role culture and access to heritage plays in active citizenship, community engagement, improving wellbeing and life satisfaction. The heritage sector has the opportunity to more closely engage with this broad agenda and in return benefit from its strength as a priority with funders and partners. Museums and galleries already have an effect on wellbeing through their learning, access and outreach programmes and have done throughout much of their history. The challenge, as with learning, is measuring the distinctive but potentially significant contribution museums and galleries make to individual and community wellbeing, and articulately advocating for further work to potential partners and funders. It is therefore vital we establish a robust, repeatable, measure for assessing the value to health and wellbeing that this interaction affords. Furthermore, such engagement requires strong theoretical and empirical evidence, and a conceptual language, in order to clearly articulate the value of the heritage sector's contribution to health and wellbeing. Previous AHRC-funded research has demonstrated that heritage-focused activities in hospitals and other healthcare settings have shown significant improvements in wellbeing as measured by scales commonly used in clinical practice. Analysis of interviews showed that patients are distracted from their clinical surroundings and feel happier and healthier as a result of heritage-focused activities such as handling and discussing museum objects. The effects of arts-focused interventions in healthcare contexts are also well-documented and reviewed. Studies have found that arts-focused activities can lead to reduced drug consumption, decreased hospital stay, improvements in mental wellbeing and social inclusion, and increased empathy in healthcare professionals with mental health patients. There are many other examples of good practice from UK museums and galleries whose community access programmes have revealed a significant impact on enhancing social wellbeing; a few highlights include the Dulwich Picture Gallery's 'Good Times - Prescription for Art' programme, the Museum of East Anglian Life's social inclusion programme, Colchester and Ipswich Museum's work with mental health service users and the arts-for-health programme run across Manchester Museums.To date the above 'wellbeing' programmes and others like them have used a range of techniques to assess the value and impact of their work, including 'social return on investment' models, mental health wellbeing scales and quality of life measures. The sector however, lacks a defined approach for assessing the impact of its work on health and wellbeing. In the last ten years, many museums and galleries have used a set of measures called the Generic Learning Outcomes (GLOs) to assess the impact of their work on learning. Subsequently, the Generic Social Outcomes (GSOs) were devised to measure the social benefits resulting from a museum or heritage visit such as the level of interaction between visitors as a result of engagement with an object or historic site. The goal of this project is to move beyond the GLOs and GSOs to develop a heritage focused wellbeing measure and create a new conceptual and methodological framework (or Generic Wellbeing Outcome, GWO), for evaluating the heritage sectors contribution to health and wellbeing. Through testing and validating the GWO across a variety of museums and galleries, the project will assess and promote the benefits to health, wellbeing and quality of life of heritage-focused activities.