Cultural Value Networks

这项研究旨在产生一种表达文化价值的多标准方法的第一次迭代。这种评估方法应该通过适当的方法来支持文化组织，以了解它们所产生的价值及其与货币的关系。该项目评估了夏普和国际期货论坛(2010)提出的理解文化价值及其与货币经济的关系的多元经济方法。基于这种方法和我们的证据，出现的五个方法论基础是：‘价值’不是一个单一的概念，而且不只有一个标尺可以衡量一切。生态系统中不同的生物体验价值不同，一个人的食物对另一个人来说可能是毒药。价值是偶然的，并在互动和关系中不断创造。我们的证据揭示了一套如此复杂的实践中的价值评估实践。价值星座(Normann&Ramirez 1993，Ramirez 1999)是一种组织模型，用于讨论在互动网络中通过联合生产实现的价值创造。这突出了焦点组织(在这种情况下是PM工作室)在协调多样化的价值创造中的有意作用。价值星座模型位于一个多层次的视角中，生态系统模型可以在更广泛的背景下使用。一旦我们放弃了只存在货币经济的想法，我们就可以将经济思维应用于其他价值模式。不仅仅是商业的文化组织正在创造金钱以外的经济价值。通过把“钱放在边际”，有可能为这些其他模式的蓬勃发展扩大可用的空间，也可以在“传统”经济的下游创造货币。衡量价值可以被认为是创造价值的“法玛康”(斯蒂格勒)--一种毒药，同时也是危险的。同样的道理也适用于价值流通。我们发现，在PM Studio中，价值循环是维持礼物经济的一部分。这种礼物经济采取三角形式，包括并产生了知识共享和普遍的慷慨。因此，它不会阻碍价值创造，而是刺激和推动价值创造。它为富有成效的“贡献经济”提供了基础(斯蒂格勒)。我们开发了一种方法来理解这种贡献经济是如何作为价值表达、创造和流通的有效模型来运作的。

The research aimed to produce the first iteration of a multi-criteria method for articulating culturalvalue. This evaluative methodology should support cultural organisations by having appropriateways to understand the value they produce and its relationship to money.The project evaluated the multiple economy approach to understanding cultural value and its relationto the money economy developed by Sharpe and the International Futures Forum (2010). Based onthis approach and our evidence the five methodological foundations that emerge are:'Value' is not a singular concept, and there is not only one scale against which everything can bemeasured. Different agents within an ecosystem experience value differently, food for one might bepoison for another. Value is contingent and constantly recreated within interactions and relationships.Our evidence reveals such a complex set of valuing practices in action.The Value Constellation (Normann & Ramirez 1993, Ramirez 1999) is an organisational model fortalking about value creation achieved by co-production in a web of interactions. This highlights theintentional role of the focal organisation (in this case PM Studio) in orchestrating diversity of valuecreation. The value constellation model sits within a multi-level perspective in which eco-systemmodels can be used for the wider context.Once we abandon the idea that there is just 'the' economy of money, we can apply economic thinkingto other patterns of valuing. Cultural organisations that are not (only) businesses are creating value ineconomies other than money. By keeping "money at the margins" it is possible to expand the spaceavailable for these other patterns to thrive, and also to create money downstream in the'conventional' economy.Measuring value can be considered a "pharmakon" (Stiegler) for creating value - a poison and aremedy at the same time. The same applies to value circulation. We found that in PM Studio valuecirculation takes place as part of sustaining a gift economy. This gift economy takes a triangular form,which includes and produces a knowledge commons and generalised generosity. As such, it doesnot blockade value creation, but stimulates and drives it further. It provides the base for a productive"economy of contribution" (Stiegler).We have developed a way to understand how this economy of contribution works as an effectivemodel of value articulation, creation and circulation.