Centre for Creativity, Regulation, Enterprise & Technology (CREATe)

在过去的十年里，互联网和数字经济给创意产业带来了革命性的变化。英国已经在全球文化市场上发挥了举足轻重的作用，它正处于建立文化、商业和监管基础设施的关键时刻，在这个基础设施中，像b谷歌、Facebook、亚马逊（Amazon）或iTunes这样的先手企业可能会出现并蓬勃发展，创造新的就业机会和产业。然而，对于一些创作者和版权所有者来说，从模拟到数字的转变既带来了希望，也带来了问题。文化遗产机构也在努力利用数字化似乎提供的新收入来源，同时保持其传统角色。政策制定者因利益相关者之间缺乏共识而受阻，并因缺乏坚实基础的党派证据而感到困惑。需要与工业界联合进行研究，以解决这些问题并为立法者提供支持。CREATe将解决这一监管和商业危机，帮助英国创意产业和艺术部门生存、发展并成为全球创新先锋，由7所大学的跨学科团队（法律、商业、经济、技术、心理学和文化分析）提供一个雄心勃勃的研究计划。CREATe的目标是作为一个诚实的中间人，使用公开和透明的方法，为政策制定者和立法者提供有力的证据，使所有利益相关者受益。CREATe将通过以下方式实现这一目标：-专注于研究和合作中小企业和个人创造者，作为创新的孵化器；-识别“好的、坏的和新兴的商业模式”：哪些商业模式能够在数字化转型中生存？哪个不能？哪些新模式能够成功并扩大规模，以推动创意经济的增长和就业，并在衰退时期支持公共部门？-实证研究目前形式的版权在多大程度上真正激励或奖励创意工作，特别是在中小企业/微观层面，以及创新在多大程度上可能来自“开放”商业模式和“非正式经济”；-监察欧洲、世界知识产权组织和其他国际论坛的版权改革举措，以评估它们对英国和我们的工作有何影响；-使用技术作为解决方案而不是问题：通过创建开创性的平台和工具来帮助创作者和用户，使用开放标准并在开放许可下发布；-研究如何在社交媒体、混搭、数据挖掘和“产消”时代，从用户对创意经济的贡献中增加和获得收入；-评估互联网服务提供商、社交网络和移动运营商等在线中介机构的作用，看看它们是鼓励还是阻碍文化产品的生产和分销，以及它们在执行版权方面应该发挥什么作用。鉴于这些机构的重要治理作用，它们是否应该像公共机构一样受到监管？如果应该，如何监管？-在整个工作中考虑公共利益和人权，如言论自由、隐私和被社会或身体排斥的人获得知识的机会，可能会受到新的商业模式和执行版权的新方法的积极或消极影响。为了探讨这些问题，我们的工作将分为七个主题：中小企业与好的、坏的和新兴的商业模式；开放的商业模式；监管和执行；创造者与创造性实践；网络中介、实体和虚拟平台；用户创建、行为和规范；人权与公共利益。我们在这些主题上的成果将汇集在一起，为2016年10月启动的英国创意经济研究蓝图提供信息。

Over the last decade, the creative industries have been revolutionised by the Internet and the digital economy. The UK, already punching above its weight in the global cultural market, stands at a pivotal moment where it is well placed to build a cultural, business and regulatory infrastructure in which first movers as significant as Google, Facebook, Amazon or iTunes may emerge and flourish, driving new jobs and industry. However, for some creators and rightsholders the transition from analogue to digital has been as problematic as it has been promising. Cultural heritage institutions are also struggling to capitalise upon new revenue streams that digitisation appears to offer, while maintaining their traditional roles. Policymakers are hampered by a lack of consensus across stakeholders and confused by partisan evidence lacking robust foundations. Research in conjunction with industry is needed to address these problems and provide support for legislators. CREATe will tackle this regulatory and business crisis, helping the UK creative industry and arts sectors survive, grow and become global innovation pioneers, with an ambitious programme of research delivered by an interdisciplinary team (law, business, economics, technology, psychology and cultural analysis) across 7 universities. CREATe aims to act as an honest broker, using open and transparent methods throughout to provide robust evidence for policymakers and legislators which can benefit all stakeholders.CREATe will do this by:- focussing on studying and collaborating with SMEs and individual creators as the incubators of innovation;- identifying "good, bad and emergent business models": which business models can survive the transition to the digital?, which cannot?, and which new models can succeed and scale to drive growth and jobs in the creative economy, as well as supporting the public sector in times of recession?;- examining empirically how far copyright in its current form really does incentivise or reward creative work, especially at the SME/micro level, as well as how far innovation may come from "open" business models and the "informal economy";- monitoring copyright reform initiatives in Europe, at WIPO and other international fora to assess how they impact on the UK and on our work;- using technology as a solution not a problem: by creating pioneering platforms and tools to aid creators and users, using open standards and released under open licences;- examining how to increase and derive revenues from the user contribution to the creative economy in an era of social media, mash-up, data mining and "prosumers";- assessing the role of online intermediaries such as ISPs, social networks and mobile operators to see if they encourage or discourage the production and distribution of cultural goods, and what role they should play in enforcing copyright. Given the important governing role of these bodies should they be subject to regulation like public bodies, and if so, how?;- consider throughout this work how the public interest and human rights, such as freedom of expression, privacy, and access to knowledge for the socially or physically excluded, may be affected either positively or negatively by new business models and new ways to enforce copyright.To investigate these issues our work will be arranged into seven themes: SMEs and good, bad and emergent business models; Open business models; Regulation and enforcement; Creators and creative practice; Online intermediaries and physical and virtual platforms; User creation, behaviour and norms; and, Human rights and the public interest. Our deliverables across these themes will be drawn together to inform a Research Blueprint for the UK Creative Economy to be launched in October 2016.