Dynamic dialects: integrating articulatory video to reveal the complexity of speech

我们创建这个资源的动机是将语音学（语音研究）带入21世纪，利用成像技术（核磁共振成像和超声舌头成像）和数字处理，让人们看到舌头和声道内其他发音器官的隐藏运动。我们将创建一个名为“动态方言”的在线教学资源，它将提供方便的多媒体材料（视频和音频），展示真实讲话时发声器官是如何运动的。该网站旨在帮助语音培训、语言教学和语言治疗，并将提高人们对语音如何产生的理解。当你学习一门有陌生声音的外语时，学习如何用自己的语言发出一个你有困难的声音，或者如果你需要教别人如何发音，例如作为语音学家、语言教师或语言治疗师，或者如果你想研究语音是如何随时间变化的，知道如何用舌头和其他发声器官是很重要的。如果无法看到声道中发生了什么，就很难理解如何才能获得正确的音质。传统的语音教学依赖于视觉线索，如嘴唇和下巴的运动；声道图；专注于并试图解释你说话时自己发声器官的运动，当然，听并试图解释说话时产生的声音信号。主要基于听别人说话或感觉自己的发音运动来分析语音，可能会导致对语音产生方式的误解。并不是每个人都有相同的发声策略。我们发现，通过基于发音学的研究，说话者通常有非常不同的策略来发出语音，而不是预期的声音。超声波舌头成像视频，磁共振成像视频，嘴唇运动视频和动画（基于通过所有这些技术收集的数据）可以提供一个新的见解，确切地说，语音是如何产生的。语言生成可以通过视觉刺激来教授，或者以真实的语言为基础，以帮助学习。发音策略可以通过视觉和听觉模型来复制和练习。动态方言发音教学资源将允许包含来自不同种类英语使用者的单词发音的集合，这将是未来研究语言变化的宝贵资源，不仅保留了语音的发音方式，而且还保留了语音的产生方式。

Our motivation for creating this resource was to bring Phonetics (the study of speech sounds) into the 21st century by making use of imaging technologies (MRI and ultrasound tongue imaging) and digital processing to allow people to see the hidden movements of the tongue and other articulatory organs inside the vocal tract. We will create an online teaching resource called Dynamic Dialects that will provide easy access to multimedia material (videos and audio) showing how the vocal organs move during real speech. The website will be designed to aid phonetic training, language teaching and learning and speech therapy and will improve people's understanding of how speech sounds are produced. Knowing how to make a sound with your tongue and other vocal organs is important when you are learning a foreign language with unfamiliar sounds, learning how to produce a sound in your own language that you have difficulty with, or if you need to teach other people how to make speech sounds, e.g. as a phonetician, language teacher or speech therapist, and also if you want to carry out research into how speech sounds change over time. Without being able to see what is going on in the vocal tract, it can be a struggle to understand what to do to achieve the correct sound quality.Traditional phonetics teaching relies on visual cues, such as lip and jaw movement; diagrams of the vocal tract; focussing on and trying to interpret the movements of your own vocal organs during speech and, of course, listening to and trying to interpret the acoustic signal produced during speech. Analysis of speech that is based mainly on listening to other people's speech or feeling your own articulatory movement can lead to misunderstandings of how speech sounds are produced. Not everyone has the same strategy for producing sounds. We find, through articulatory-based research, that speakers often have very different strategies for producing a speech sound than what might be expected.Ultrasound tongue imaging video, Magnetic Resonance Imaging video, lip movement video and animations (based on data gathered through all of these technologies) can offer a new insight into exactly how speech sounds are produced. Speech production can be taught with visual stimuli showing, or based on, real speech, to aid learning. Articulatory strategies can be copied and practised using a visual, as well as auditory, models. The Dynamic Dialects articulatory teaching resource will allow contain a collection of pronunciations of words from speakers of different varieties of English, which will be an invaluable resource for the study of linguistic change in the future, preserving not only how speech sounded, but how it was produced.