The Criminalisation of Dictatorial Pasts in Europe and Latin America in Global Perspective

始于20世纪70年代的“第三次民主化浪潮”伴随着旨在管理独裁政治遗产的新流程。一部重要文献侧重于欧洲和拉丁美洲的“过渡时期司法”和“记忆”，这两个区域在制定处理非民主过去的政策方面表现突出。通过发展以犯罪化概念为中心的社会历史方法，该项目在三个方面代表了对以前的学术研究的重大进步。首先，它考察了刑事司法在三个相互关联的社会专业领域--历史学、受害者激进主义和遗产--中与“犯罪”标签的构建的相互作用。第二，该项目对“第三次民主化浪潮”期间出现的过程进行了历史性的分析，并考虑了它们是如何受到第二次世界大战后出现的正义和记忆形式的影响的。第三，该项目审查了产生定罪叙述的行为者的构成，以便从经验上评估为处理被推翻的政权而采取的规范、集体行动和体制措施的跨国流通情况。这将使我们能够反思欧洲和拉丁美洲之间的纠缠和相互影响，同时将这些区域置于全球动态的背景下。为了更深入地了解这些现象，该项目还寻求促进学者和专业专家(法学家、馆长、活动家)之间的合作。与非政府组织IC-Memo建立了伙伴关系，该组织汇集了20多个专门纪念政治罪行受害者的博物馆。我们与BDIC的合作也将使我们能够利用该机构的独特收藏，并通过一本供高中和大学使用的虚拟手册更广泛地传播我们的研究成果。

The "third wave of democratisation", begun in the 1970s, was accompanied by novel processes designed to manage the legacies of dictatorships. An important literature has focused on "transitional justice" and "memory" in Europe and Latin America, two regions prominent in the creation of policies of addressing non-democratic pasts. By developing a socio-historical approach centred on the notion of criminalisation, this project represents a significant advance upon the previous scholarship, in three respects. First, it examines criminal justice in its interactions with the construction of the label of "crime" in three interconnected socio-professional spaces: historiography, victims' activism and heritage. Second, it proposes a historicised analysis of processes arising during the "third wave of democratisation" and considers the way they were influenced by forms of justice and memory that emerged in the aftermath of World War II. Third, the project examines the configuration of actors who generate criminalisation narratives, in order to assess empirically the transnational circulation of norms, repertoires of collective action and institutional measures adopted to deal with ousted regimes. This will allow us to reflect on the entanglements and mutual influences between Europe and Latin America, while at the same time situating these regions in the context of global dynamics. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of these phenomena, the project seeks also to foster cooperation between scholars and professional experts involved in reckoning with the past (jurists, curators, activists). A partnership has been forged with the NGO IC-MEMO, which gathers together more than twenty museums dedicated to the memory of victims of political crimes. Our collaboration with the BDIC will likewise allow us to exploit the unique collections of this institution and to disseminate more widely our research results via a virtual handbook for high-schools and universities.