MIXTURE INTERACTIONS IN OLFACTION--EFFECTS & MECHANISMS

这个项目的长期目标是发现基本原理 管理气味混合物及其 件. 本研究的重点将是对二进制的反应 气味混合物，这将作为更复杂的混合物的模型。 一 在气味剂或味剂的混合物的研究中通常观察到， 对混合物的反应往往是不可预测的，即使对 混合物的各个组分是已知的。 这些现象， 称为混合物相互作用，是广泛的，发生在人类以及 低等动物 本项目拟采用的动物模型为 多刺龙虾Panulirus argus，已被证明是一种极好的 嗅觉研究系统，包括混合物相互作用和 行为和神经方面的质量编码。 具体目标是 项目是：（1）识别和表征嗅觉混合物 二元气味混合物的相互作用;（2）混合物的影响 行为和神经辨别的相互作用， 二元气味混合物。 将识别混合物相互作用， 其特点是将行为和神经反应应用于二进制 混合物及其组分与配体-受体数学模型的关系 约束力 混合物相互作用的机制将通过 气味物质与嗅觉受体结合的生物化学研究 细胞树突 混合物相互作用对识别的影响 将描述二元气味混合物及其组分的质量 通过评估二元混合物的质量区分， 显示或不显示混合物相互作用的组分，使用先前 开发的技术：神经歧视，多变量分析， 来自嗅觉受体细胞的单单位神经生理学数据， 嗅觉脑中间神经元;行为辨别，多变量 差异厌恶条件反射的结果分析。

The long-term objective of this project is to discover basic principles governing the detection and discrimination of odorant mixtures and their components. The focus of this research will be on responses to binary odorant mixtures, which will serve as a model for more complex mixtures. A common observation in studies of mixtures of odorants or tastants is that responses to mixtures are often not predictable, even when the responses to the individual components of the mixture are known. These phenomena, termed mixture interactions, are widespread, occurring in humans as well as lower animals. The proposed project uses as the experimental animal model the spiny lobster Panulirus argus, which has proven to be an excellent system for studies of olfaction, including mixture interactions and behavioral and neural aspects of quality coding. The specific aims of this project are to: (1) identify and characterize olfactory mixture interactions for binary odorant mixtures; (2) the effects of mixture interactions on behavioral and neural discrimination of the quality of binary odorant mixtures. Mixture interactions will be identified and characterized by applying behavioral and neural responses to binary mixtures and their components to mathematical models of ligand-receptor binding. Mechanisms of mixture interactions will be identified through biochemical studies of binding of odorants to receptor sites on olfactory cell dendrites. The effect of mixture interactions on discrimination of quality of binary odorant mixtures and their components will be described by evaluating quality discrimination for binary mixtures containing components that do or do not show mixture interaction, using previously developed techniques: for neural discrimination, multivariate analysis of single-unit neurophysiological data from olfactory receptor cells and olfactory brain interneurons; for behavioral discrimination, multivariate analysis of results of differential aversive conditioning.