Mobilising Multidirectional Memory to Build More Resilient Communities in South Africa

该项目探讨了大屠杀的记忆和1994年卢旺达种族灭绝的记忆今天如何在种族隔离后的南非被动员起来，作为面对SA创伤过去的工具，并促进和解以及对当前人权的更高认识和承诺。该项目审查了南非和大屠杀种族灭绝基金会（SAHGF）的工作，特别是其对大屠杀记忆的明确动员-响应南非政府在人权标题下的国家课程中对大屠杀教育的授权-促进对南非的殖民和种族隔离过去以及今天继续困扰该国的鲜明的社会，政治和种族分歧的辩论。作为对记忆研究领域的学术贡献，我们的研究旨在实现以下三个目标：1）提出一个关于大屠杀记忆如何在当地动员的详细案例研究，以细微差别罗斯伯格的多方向记忆概念以及Sznaider和Levy关于全球化世界记忆出现的假设。具体来说，我们的目标是揭示在何种程度上当地的政策框架，政治需要，以及人际，机构间和社区间的互动塑造如何大屠杀的记忆流传。2)利用这一详尽的证据基础来反思和发展多向性和世界性记忆的理论前提。3)探索记忆和发展之间的关系，而不是抽象的-例如，作为一个学术问题-但作为一种手段，在创伤社会建立弹性社区。该项目的主要研究成果将是为一份具有广泛学术吸引力的相关期刊特刊撰写文章，在当代国际发展背景下，对历史暴力、压迫和不公正记忆的传播和动员进行框架研究。我们的研究成果将特别有利于那些致力于创伤性过去与人权之间联系的人。更广泛地说，我们与SAHGF的合作旨在实现我们研究成果的实际影响，以促进南非更有弹性的社区的发展。在这方面，我们的目标是实现三个进一步的目标：1）评估南非大屠杀和种族灭绝基金会动员过去反对当前偏见和仇外心理的有效性。2）帮助南非大屠杀和种族灭绝基金会更明确地与国家和国际发展优先事项保持一致，并为建设更具弹性的社区做出贡献。3）对南非大屠杀和种族灭绝基金会和其他南非以及国际政府和非政府机构的政策产生影响，促进人权文化。我们将与南非遗产基金会密切合作，利用我们的研究成果评估和支持其教育计划，与其他南非和国际遗产中心，非政府组织和发展机构的合作，并直接影响其使命，以促进种族隔离后南非的和解和更公正的社会。更广泛地说，我们将为政府和非政府机构促进冲突后社会人权文化发展的政策作出贡献。我们将为机构如何更有效地调动多向记忆，以帮助在现在和未来建立更具弹性的社区制定政策建议。对发展的主要影响将在南非，但我们也将通过向世界各地和联合国参与大屠杀教育和人权的关键人士传播我们的调查结果和建议，在国际和全球范围内产生影响。

This project explores how the memory of the Holocaust and the memory of the 1994 Rwandan genocide are today mobilised in post-apartheid South Africa as tools for confronting SA's traumatic past and for promoting both reconciliation and greater awareness of, and commitment to, human rights in the present. The project examines the work of the South African and Holocaust Genocide Foundation (SAHGF) and specifically its explicit mobilisation of Holocaust memory - responding to the SA government's mandating of Holocaust education in the national curriculum under the heading of human rights - to prompt debate on SA's colonial and apartheid pasts and on the stark social, political and racial divides that continue to afflict the country today. As a scholarly contribution to the field of memory studies, our research is intended to achieve the following three objectives:1) to present a detailed case study of how Holocaust memory is mobilised locally, in order to nuance Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory and Sznaider and Levy's presumption of the emergence of a globalised cosmopolitan memory. Specifically, we aim to reveal the extent to which local policy frameworks, political imperatives, and interpersonal, inter-institutional and inter-community interactions shape how Holocaust memory circulates. 2) to use this detailed evidence base to reflect on, and develop the theoretical premises of multidirectional and cosmopolitan memory. 3) to explore the relationship between memory and development not in the abstract - e.g. as a scholarly concern - but as a means of building resilient communities in traumatised societies. The project's principal research output will be articles for a special edition of a relevant journal that will have a broad scholarly appeal, framing research on the circulation and mobilisation of memories of historical violence, oppression and injustice within the contemporary context of international development. Our research findings will be of particular interest to those working on the links between traumatic pasts and human rights.More broadly, our collaboration with the SAHGF is intended to realise the practical impact of our research findings for the development of more resilient communities in South Africa. In this respect, we aim to achieve three further objectives:1) to evaluate the effectiveness of the SAHGF's mobilisation of the past to combat prejudice and xenophobia in the present.2) to help the SAHGF to align itself more explicitly with national and international development priorities and to contribute to the building of more resilient communities.3) to have an impact on policy at the SAHGF and other SA and international governmental and non-governmental bodies promoting a human rights culture.Our practical impact on development in South Africa will derive first and foremost from our interactions with the South African Holocaust and Genocide Foundation. We will work closely with the SAHGF to use our research findings to evaluate and support its education programmes, its collaborations with other South African and also international heritage centres, NGOs, and development bodies, and to impact directly on its mission to promote both reconciliation in post-apartheid SA and a more just society. More broadly, we will make a contribution to policy in relation to governmental and non-governmental bodies promoting the development of a human rights culture in post-conflict societies. We will formulate policy recommendations for how institutions might mobilise multidirectional memory more effectively to help build more resilient communities in the present and future. The primary impact on development will be in South Africa, but we will also impact internationally and globally through our dissemination of our findings and recommendations to key individuals involved in Holocaust education and human rights elsewhere around the world and at the UN.