Early Recording Cultures in Spain, 1880-1905: Towards a Transnational History

目前的项目旨在对西班牙1880年至1905年的早期留声学历史进行第一次批判性记述；通过这样做，它旨在为跨国、对背景敏感的对早期音乐录音历史的理解奠定基础，充分结合当地的特殊性和民族认同、记忆、情感、流动性、现代性和其他问题。该项目解决了研究问题：西班牙对早期录音技术的接受是如何受到当地做法和文化特点的影响的？我们可以从对这种做法和特殊性的研究中学到什么，以建立将具体背景的发展与更广泛的趋势相结合的跨国留声学历史的基础？尽管在过去十年中，人们对作为表演文献和文化手工艺品的早期录音的兴趣激增，但本项目是相关和必要的，因为大多数此类研究的重点是工业和技术先进的国家，它们完全融入贸易网络，使人工制品和话语得以流通(美国、英国、法国、德国)。同样，许多此类研究的核心是被认为是19世纪和20世纪初音乐经典的核心剧目(例如，奥日耳曼交响乐；利德；歌剧等)。这种对地理和文化的关注往往是含蓄的，而不是明确承认的；本研究的目的是将当地的做法、曲目和对技术的态度放在首位，以便充分解释录音技术在全球范围内对听力和文化习俗的早期影响，并为跨国录音音乐的历史奠定基础。将通过询问一些视听和文字的主要来源来回答研究问题：原始录音；它们的盒子、标签和其他包装；侧重于具体事件或人工制品的报纸和杂志文章，或更一般地关于留声机现象的文章；留声机或与录音音乐有关的事件的照片；广告、目录和商业文件(商业信件等)。这些研究成果将通过以下渠道惠及学术和非学术领域的受益者：一本专著和两篇在高评级期刊上发表的文章，以及至少两次会议报告。--一次研讨会，首次将个别国家研究早期录音的学者以及从事早期录音工作的档案管理员/图书馆员聚集在一起。后续活动包括一期特刊。-数字人文项目，早期录音的故事，以互动地图的形式展示该项目的结果，并促进研究人员、档案管理员/图书馆管理员、专家用户和普通公众反思早期录制的音乐的叙事是如何构建的，以及文化特殊性在两者中的作用。-在伦敦举行的西班牙歌曲和Zarzuela音乐节上的公开参与活动，由西班牙音乐学术专家和专注于在海外推广西班牙音乐和文化的机构的代表组成。圆桌会议将讨论在国外推广西班牙文化的挑战，并提出创新的想法，以期在未来的艺术节上至少发展其中的一些。

The current project seeks to produce the first critical account of the early history of phonography in Spain, from1880 to 1905; in doing so, it aims to set the foundations of a transnational, context-sensitive understanding of the early history of musical recordings, fully integrating both local specificities and issues of national identity, memory, affection, mobility, modernity and others. The project addresses the research questions: How was the reception of early recording technologies in Spain informed by local practices and cultural specificities? What can we learn from the study of such practices and specificities to build the foundations of a transnational history of phonography which integrates context-specific developments with broader trends?Even though the last decade has seen a surge of interest in early recordings as both documents of performance and cultural artefacts, the present project is relevant and necessary because most such studies have focused on industrially and technologically advanced countries fully integrated into the trade networks which made it possible for artefacts and discourses to circulate (the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany). Similarly, central to many such studies are repertoires regarded as central in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century musical canon (e.g. the Austro-Germanic symphony; Lieder; opera, etc.). This geographical and cultural focus tends to be implicit rather than explicitly acknowledged; what the current study aims to do is to bring to the forefront local practices, repertoires and attitudes to technologies in order to fully explain the early impact of recording technologies on listening and cultural practices at a global level and set the foundations for a transnational history of recorded music. The research questions will be answered through interrogation of a number of audio-visual and textual primary sources: original recordings; their boxes, labels and other packaging; newspaper and magazine articles focusing on specific events or artefacts, or on the phenomenon of phonography more generally; photographs of phonographs or of events having to do with recorded music; advertisements, catalogues and commercial documents (commercial correspondence, etc.) of recording studios; passages from memoirs and private letters on the subject of recorded music; books from the period 1880-1905 about the contemporaneous developments in recorded music and on science, technology and understandings of modernity.The results of the research will reach academic and non-academic beneficiaries through the following channels:-A monograph and two articles in highly rated-journals, as well as at least two conference presentations.-A symposium bringing together for the first time scholars of early recording in individual countries as well as archivists/librarians working with early recordings. Follow-up activities include a special issue of a journal.-A Digital Humanities project, Stories of Early Phonography, presenting the results from the project under the form of an interactive map and fostering reflection among researchers, archivists/librarians, expert users and the general public about how narratives of early recorded music have been and are constructed, and the role of cultural specificities in both.-A public engagement event at the Spanish Song and Zarzuela Festival in London consisting of a roundtable academic experts on Spanish music and representatives for institutions focusing on the promotion of Spanish music and culture abroad. The roundtable will discuss the challenges of promoting Spanish culture abroad and develop innovative ideas to do so will be brought up, with a view to developing at least some of them in future editions of the festival.