Postcards from the Bagne: Tourism in the shadow of France's overseas penal history

1852年至1938年间，超过7万名囚犯被送往法属圭亚那的巴尼监狱，该监狱最终于1946年关闭。1864年至1924年间，约有21000名囚犯被送往新喀里多尼亚。作为法国殖民计划组成部分的罪犯运输和劳工的作用，与这种形式的监禁不可避免地产生的社会排斥之间的复杂紧张关系，决定了这两个领土可以进行比较的方式。非官方形式的旅游总是在这两个居民点运作期间和之后进行，但直到最近才采取认真的修复行动，并得到当地社区的支持。在法属圭亚那，这些包括圣洛朗-杜-马罗尼的运输营地、圣让降级营地和目前由国家空间中心管辖的萨鲁特岛上的前监狱建筑，包括典狱长官邸。在新喀里多尼亚，南部省的修复举措包括在前监狱面包房内修建一座监狱博物馆；重建强迫劳动场所普罗尼村；以季节性灯光表演为特色的特伦巴堡和品斯岛上的流放殖民地废墟。看一看记住袋子的微妙过程，目的是考虑在当代监禁的背景下，惩教旅游如何更直接地侧重于解除监禁和废除监禁的问题。有几个“解禁时刻”，包括机构重建(空间站、旅游设施)、社区动员(支持团体、博物馆和遗产工作)和文化产业活动(灯光秀、罪犯艺术展和参观废墟)，所有这些都意味着对这些遗址的分析需要一种广泛和合作的方法，利用社区参与者和国际专业网络。追踪遗址之间存在的路线和轨迹会让人们更多地关注更广泛的人文和自然地理的深刻过去、现在和未来。该项目将使用制图方法来了解袋子的多个空间，并向当地和全球观众展示创新的新材料和观点。档案研究技能、民族志田野调查、视觉和文本分析以及框架和旁听理论也将通过这一过程得到发展。PI和PDR对这两个地区进行的实地访问将包括利用历史访问以及当代路线和路线探索不同方法来‘定位’和‘定位’袋子的地图绘制活动。为了促进这一观点和方法方法的更广泛适用性，将制作一系列地图和数码照片档案，供人们查阅，而书面产出，包括一本专著和两篇期刊文章，则侧重于所制定的(摄影和制图)方法。在诺丁汉(司法画廊，诺丁汉当代)组织的公共活动(活动会议、专题讨论会和讲习班)将把两个领土的学者和遗产利益攸关方与驻英国的学者、策展人和遗址开发商聚集在一起。该项目的学术成果将引起从事法语和法语国家历史和文化、后殖民研究、博物馆和遗产研究、犯罪学、视觉文化和人文地理学的学者的兴趣。

Between 1852 and 1938, over 70,000 convicts were transported to the bagne in French Guiana which finally closed in 1946. Approximately 21,000 convicts were sent to New Caledonia between 1864 and 1924. A complex tension between the role of convict transportation and labour as an integral part of France's colonial project and the inevitable social exclusion produced by this form of incarceration frames the way the two territories can be compared. Unofficial forms of tourism have always taken place in both settlements during and after their operation but it is only recently that serious restoration initiatives have been undertaken and supported by the local community. In French Guiana, these include the transportation camp at Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, the Saint Jean relegation camp and former prison buildings, including the warden's residence, on the Iles du Salut currently under the jurisdiction of the Centre National d'Études Spatiales. In New Caledonia, restoration initiatives in the South Province include a prison museum housed in the former prison bakery; Prony village, a reconstructed site of forced labour; Fort Teremba featuring seasonal light shows and the ruins of the penal colony on the Ile des Pins.Taking these restoration and preservation activities at its starting point, the project considers the former penal settlements as representing a moment of decarceration within a wider global history of punishment, imprisonment and detention. Looking at the delicate process of remembering the bagne, the aim is to consider how penal tourism might focus more directly on questions of decarceration and abolition within a contemporary carceral context. There are several 'moments of decarceration' including institutional reconstruction (space station, tourist facilities), community mobilization (support groups, museum and heritage jobs) and culture industry activity (light shows, convict art exhibitions and tours of ruins) all of which mean analysis of these sites requires a broad and collaborative approach that draws on community participants and international networks of expertise. Tracking the routes and trajectories existing between sites draws greater attention to the carceral past, present and future of a wider human and natural geography. The project will use a cartographic approach to understand the multiple spaces of the bagne and involves presentation of innovative new materials and perspectives to local and global audiences. Archival research skills, ethnographic fieldwork, visual and textual analysis, and theories of framing and spectatorship will also be developed through this process. Fieldwork visits to the two territories, carried out by the PI and PDR, will involve mapping activities using historical visits alongside contemporary routes and itineraries exploring different ways of 'locating' and 'situating' the bagne. To promote this perspective and the wider applicability of the methodological approach a series of maps and a digital photo archive will be produced and made accessible while written outputs including a monograph and two journal articles focus on the (photographic and cartographic) methodologies developed. Public events (activity sessions, symposium and workshops) organized in Nottingham (Galleries of Justice, Nottingham Contemporary) will bring together scholars and heritage stakeholders from the two territories together with UK-based academics, curators and site developers. The project's scholarly outputs will be of interest to academics working in French and Francophone history and culture, postcolonial studies, museum and heritage studies, criminology, visual culture and human geography.