Women of the Brown Atlantic: Real and Imaginary Passages in Portuguese 1711-2011

巴西有句谚语是这样说的：如果你走在彩虹下，你就有改变性别的风险。在两位重要的巴西黑人女作家——卡罗莱纳·玛丽亚·德·热苏斯（1914-1977）和奥·埃瓦里斯托（1946-）——的作品中，彩虹的追逐和行走都是一种运动。这个故事将记忆的行为比作一场不可能的彩虹追逐，它导致了身体的重新定位，从分类（性别作为社会结构）到意想不到的（酷儿身份）。他们对彩虹故事的参与构成了这个项目的理论核心，这个项目将性别差异和酷儿身份作为思考布朗大西洋（即葡语）中女性流动性和记忆制造的关键驱动因素。在巴西，彩虹的形象倾向于与Orisha oxumar<e:1>联系在一起，这是candomblaise非裔巴西宗教（Verger 2002）中男女蛇一样的运动和循环之神，他拥有改变人的性别的力量。这个项目采用了oxumar<s:1>的象征，彩虹，可以说比LGBT运动的彩虹旗更奇怪，从而修改了档案隐喻的使用及其与海洋的历史关系。彩虹故事没有强调流动和逆流，这是现有的（酷儿）流散流动理论的典型代表，而是强调了一种临时性（“追逐”），这是酷儿的，因为它指向了记忆和身份的不可能的位置。为了开展更广泛的研究，该奖学金将重点放在“棕色大西洋”记忆形成过程的特殊性上，“棕色大西洋”是一个术语，指的是基于葡萄牙语言、文化和血液注入的以非洲为基础的大西洋文化相互联系（Almeida 2004）。在解决黑人女性长期被忽视的批评范式时，该奖学金考虑了黑人女性和白人男性在文学中记住和想象黑人女性在棕色大西洋中的流动的方式。这种创新的方法将质疑明确界定的国家、性别和种族界限，支持以跨国方式记忆和想象运动。此外，对想象力的强调将通过探索始发地到目的地旅行之外的不可预测的“蓝天”路线来打破散居的线性模式。这些与偶然的想象之旅产生的记忆路线相对应，由于它们拒绝轻易存档，使得今天的理论强调空间、档案和可追溯的运动对它们的记忆能力负责。最后，通过使用彩虹作为理论镜头，该项目将研究旅行的理论和电影表演（人和思想的文字旅行），以及日记，小说，短篇故事和信件（故事的旅行）。研究将与来自不同学科的学者在国际会议上进行讨论，并在埃克塞特大学启动的学者居住计划的背景下进行讨论。即将提交Palgrave MacMillan出版社的专著（记忆研究系列）将对大西洋葡语国家和巴西黑人文学的研究作出重大贡献。与巴西非洲-巴西博物馆和葡萄牙Núcleo Museológico拉各斯博物馆的合作将促进知识交流，并为制作交通视频书、互动交通地图和面向广大公众的艺术展览提供素材。该项目建立在我现有的关于莫桑比克和葡萄牙当代女性写作的工作基础上，但使我能够通过关注三个世纪以来不太明显的记忆过程，对葡语国家之间的关系进行更加雄心勃勃的讯问。最终，它论证了黑人女性的流动性与构成棕色大西洋的国家历史的持续相关性。

There is a saying in Brazil that goes like this: if you walk under the rainbow you run the risk of changing your sex. Running after, and walking under, the rainbow is a movement that is rehearsed in the work of two key Afro-Brazilian women writers, Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977) and Conceição Evaristo (1946-). The story compares the act of remembering to an impossible rainbow chase, which results in a bodily re-orientation away from classification (sex as social construction) and towards the unanticipated (identity as queer). Their engagement with the rainbow story forms the theoretical core of this project, which takes gender difference and queer identity as the key drivers for thinking about female mobility and memory making in the Brown (i.e., lusophone) Atlantic. In Brazil, the image of the rainbow is tendentiously associated with the Orisha Oxumaré, the male-female snake-like God of movements and cycles in the Candomblé Afro-Brazilian religion (Verger 2002), who holds the power to change people's sex. This project takes Oxumaré's symbol, the rainbow, arguably queerer than the rainbow flag of the LGBT movement, so as to revise the use of the archive metaphor and its historical complicity with the maritime. Rather than emphasising flows and crosscurrents, which typify existing theories of (queer) diasporic mobility, the rainbow story highlights a temporality ("running after") that is queer because it points to the impossible location of memory and identity. In order to open up this wider research, the Fellowship will focus on the particularities of memory making processes of the "Brown Atlantic," a term that names an African-based Atlantic cultural interconnectedness based on the infusion of Portuguese language, culture and blood (Almeida 2004).In tackling black women's long-term omission from critical paradigms, the Fellowship considers the ways in which black female mobility in the Brown Atlantic has been remembered and imagined, in literature, by both black women and white men. The innovative methodology will question sharply defined national, sexual and racial boundaries, favouring transnational ways of remembering and imagining movement. Furthermore, the emphasis on imagination will upset the linear patterns of the diaspora by exploring unpredictable, "blue skies" routes beyond origin-destination travelling. These correspond to routes of memory arising from serendipitous imaginary journeys that, in their refusal to be easily archived, render today's theoretical emphasis on space, archives and traceable movement accountable for their power over memory. Finally, by using the rainbow as a theoretical lens, the project will examine theories and cinematic performances that travel (literal travelling of people and ideas), and diaries, novels, short stories and letters (travelling of stories).Research will be discussed with scholars from a variety of disciplines at international conferences and in the context of a scholar in residence programme to be inaugurated at Exeter. The output of a monograph, to be submitted to Palgrave MacMillan Press (Memory Studies series), will make a major contribution to studies of the Lusophone Atlantic and Afro-Brazilian literature. Collaborations with the Museu Afro-Brasileiro in Brazil and the Núcleo Museológico de Lagos in Portugal will lead to knowledge exchange and provide material for the development of a Video Book of Mobilities, an interactive Map of Mobilities and an artistic exhibition, designed for the wider public.The project builds on my existing work on contemporary women's writing from Mozambique and Portugal, but enables me to undertake a substantially more ambitious interrogation of the relationship between lusophone nations by focusing on less visible processes of memory making across three centuries. Ultimately, it argues for the continued relevance of black female mobility to the history of the nations that make up the Brown Atlantic.