Language of DIY Justice: Communication practices & processes

该项目通过关注作为法庭听证会以及法庭程序和程序的固有组成部分的沟通，探索DIY司法的语言。自2013年削减法律的援助以来，越来越多的诉讼当事人（LIP，在没有律师的情况下代表自己参加法律的诉讼的人）无法负担得起法律的咨询。然而，许多程序，行政和沟通的问题，自助司法仍然没有得到解决。通过关注语言和沟通过程，该项目将有助于理解LIP的认知和自我认知以及法律的专业、法院和法律的系统对他们的沟通要求;这将导致提出切实可行的建议，以改善目前涉及半代理或无代理案件的每个人所面临的沟通、程序和行政挑战。该项目采用定量和定性混合方法，调查以下方面：围绕自己动手司法构建观念所使用的语言;法律界的沟通;以及法院管理和程序中的沟通和引出过程（例如，如何通过行政步骤和程序规则引出信息和证据）。该项目分为四个工作包。第一个对比的语言LIP，法官和法律的专业人士使用时，讨论他们对DIY司法和对方的看法。这将导致开发支持地方检察官的资源，提高人们对地方检察官在法律的诉讼中模糊作用的认识的举措，以及为参与自助司法的人提供全面支持的建议。第二个工作包将调查LIP和法律的专业人士之间的沟通风格的差异，并导致倡议支持LIP的沟通能力和适应法律的诉讼过程中的沟通挑战。最后两个工作包调查了法院行政和民事诉讼规则中的沟通和启发过程，从而主要有助于解决法律的问题。这将导致对法院行政和HMCTS（女王陛下的法院和法庭服务）起草法院表格，指导材料和法院通信的具体建议，以及对民事诉讼规则委员会更新民事诉讼规则的建议。该项目将收集的数据范围从对LIPS的调查，对LIPS、法官和法律的专业人员的采访，到对法院捆绑包、HMCTS法院表格和法院用户官方指导材料的法院观察和分析。通过将语料库语言学工具与定量和定性的句法和词汇分析以及传播分析的民族志相结合，该项目提出了一种研究行政法和程序法的创新方法。该项目采用的方法将激发对这一专题的进一步跨学科研究，学术成果将包括出版物（专著和在法律的学术期刊上发表的文章）以及为法律的学者和从业人员举办讲习班，介绍研究设计和研究结果，并激发其他学科的学者。影响相关的成果将包括巡回展览，执行摘要和报告HMCTS和第三部门组织（如司法，公法项目）。该项目采取了一个整体的方法来DIY司法，并将导致实际的建议，以解决复杂的语言和沟通相关的挑战。通过收集HMCTS没有收集的数据，将来自不同数据集的结果相互关联，并关注LIP的语言需求，该项目将处于有利地位，提出创新和实用的建议，这将有助于HMCTS的改革。

The project explores the language of DIY Justice by focusing on communication as an inherent part of court hearings as well as court processes and procedures. Since cuts to legal aid in 2013, an increasingly high number of litigants in person (LIPs, people who represent themselves in legal proceedings without a lawyer) have been left without affordable options for legal advice. Yet many procedural, administrative and communicative questions about DIY Justice remain unresolved. By focusing on language and communication processes, this project will contribute to the understanding of perceptions and self-perceptions of LIPs and communication requirements imposed on them by the legal profession, courts and the legal system; this will lead to practical suggestions on improve communicative, procedural and administrative challenges currently faced by everybody involved in semi-represented or unrepresented cases. The project uses quantitative and qualitative mixed methods approach to investigate the following aspects: language used to construct perceptions around DIY Justice; legal-lay communication; and communication and elicitation processes embedded in court administration and procedures (e.g. how information and evidence is elicited through administrative steps and procedural rules). The project is divided into four work packages. The first one contrasts the language LIPs, judges and legal professionals use when discussing their perceptions towards DIY Justice and each other. This will lead to developing resources for supporting LIPs, initiatives on raising awareness of LIPs' ambiguous role in legal proceedings and suggestions for holistic support of those involved in DIY Justice. The second work package will investigate the differences between communication styles of LIPs and legal professionals and lead to initiatives for supporting communicative competence of LIPs and accommodating communication challenges during legal proceedings. The last two work packages investigate communication and elicitation processes embedded within court administration and civil procedure rules, thus contributing predominantly to legal questions. This will lead to specific recommendations for court administration and HMCTS (Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Services) on drafting court forms, guidance materials and court correspondence as well as suggestions to the Civil Procedure Rules Committee on updating Civil Procedure Rules. The data the project will collect range from a survey of LIPs, interviews with LIPS, judges and legal professionals to court observations and analysis of court bundles, HMCTS court forms and official guidance materials for court users. By incorporating corpus linguistic tools with quantitative and qualitative syntactic & lexical analysis and ethnography of communication analysis, the project presents an innovative approach to researching administrative law and procedural law. The methodological approach of the project will inspire further interdisciplinary research on the topic.Academic outcomes will include publications (monograph and articles in legal scholarly journals) as well as workshops for legal scholars and practitioners to present the research design and findings and inspire academics in other disciplines. Impact related outcomes will include a touring exhibition, executive summaries and reports for HMCTS and third sector organisations (e.g. JUSTICE, Public Law Project). The project takes a holistic approach to DIY Justice and will result in practical suggestions to address complex language and communication related challenges. By collecting data that HMCTS does not collect, interrelating results from different data sets and focusing on language needs of LIPs, the project will be in a strong position to make innovative and practical suggestions that will contribute to the HMCTS reform.