Iona's Namescape: Place-Names and their Dynamics in Iona and its Environs

爱奥纳岛虽然是苏格兰西海岸外较大的马尔岛上的一个小岛，但它拥有英国和爱尔兰最古老、最丰富和最复杂的地名记录之一。它也有一个复杂的现代景观，因为多个用户群体以不同的方式与过去的景观互动。这个项目调查了爱奥纳及其周围地区地名的动态(历史上和不断变化的名字景观)，揭示了过去，并提出了将地名作为遗产管理的一部分的新方法。由艾奥纳修道院第九任住持阿多曼在公元700年左右撰写的《圣哥伦巴的生活》给我们提供了对这一景观的最早详细印象，包括我们在英国或爱尔兰最早有记录的盖尔语地名。在现代时期，该岛成为游客和古物学家的目的地，他们同时与更古老的文本和传统以及他们发现的风景和纪念碑互动，创造、管理和重振名字。在过去的一个世纪里，一个传统的盖尔人漂流社区已经演变成一个更加混合的经济，有更多的全年工作，季节性的辅助人员和信仰游客的增加。永久性组织，如苏格兰国家信托基金和苏格兰历史环境协会，现在对该岛的建筑和自然环境负有不同的管理责任，加入了国际信仰团体IONA社区。这创造了一个复杂的动态，新的名字，翻译的名字，和被遗忘的名字，用盖尔语和英语，一个有争议的遗产和命名景观。这些地名(聚落名称、景观和沿海特征、古迹)从未受到正式的严格分析，尽管盖尔语社区最近使用的许多地名很脆弱。这种脆弱性(最近的死亡事件突显了这一点)使得我们必须将这个名字交给一个严格的研究、出版、管理和向公众和官方公共机构传播的方案，而且我们现在就应该这样做。我们为此目的组建的小组代表了有关艾奥纳历史和遗产、地名和地名调查以及邻近穆尔岛盖尔语和历史的长期积累的专门知识。该项目的核心任务将是深入研究爱奥纳的地名，通过在线资源向公众广泛提供这项研究，并将其出版在一卷《苏格兰地名调查》中。由于它与爱奥纳的长期联系，这也将包括附近无人居住的小岛斯塔法的地名，该岛也由NTS管理。这项研究将涉及对IONA及其景观的最早记录的深入调查，以及对盖尔语地名的现代记录，以及对在IONA居住和工作的不同社区的当代使用情况的新的田野调查。这项研究将以邻近的穆尔岛为背景，研究IONA如何与其周围环境共享或不同的特征。我们会在一个有关“权威性和真实性”的国际会议上探讨我们对文物地名的关注，并在随后收集论文。我们将与该项目的各种受益者充分接触，制作一些为公众和遗产管理提供帮助的重要辅助成果：一个允许探索地名和景观的互动网站；一个受欢迎的地名指南；标准化的地名名单。我们将通过各种活动，包括讲习班和2021年的会议，进一步与公众和遗产管理机构接触，2021年是爱奥纳创始人圣哥伦巴诞辰1500周年。

Iona, although a small island off the larger island of Mull, off the west coast of Scotland, has one of the oldest, richest, and most complex place-name records in Britain and Ireland. It also has a complex modern landscape as a result of multiple user-groups interacting with the landscape of the past in different ways. This project interrogates the dynamics of the namescape (the historical and changing landscape of names) of Iona and its environs, shedding light on the past, and proposing new ways of curating place-names as part of heritage management.The 'Life of Saint Columba' written around AD 700 by Adomnán, the ninth abbot of the monastery of Iona, gives our earliest detailed impressions of this landscape, including some of our earliest recorded Gaelic place-names in Britain or Ireland. In the modern period the island became a destination for tourists and antiquarians, who interacted simultaneously with older texts and traditions and with the landscape and monuments they found, creating, curating and reinvigorating names. In the past century a traditional Gaelic crofting community has evolved into a more mixed economy, with a greater range of year-round occupations, augmented by seasonal auxiliary staff and faith-tourists. Permanent organisations, e.g., the National Trust for Scotland and Historic Environment Scotland now have differing management responsibilities towards the built and natural environments of the island, joining the international faith group, the Iona Community. This has created a complex dynamic of new names, translated names, and forgotten names, in Gaelic and English, a contested landscape of heritage and naming. These place-names (settlement names, landscape and coastal features, monuments) have never been subjected to formal rigorous analysis, despite the fragility of many of the names used by the Gaelic-speaking community in recent times. That fragility (highlighted by recent deaths) makes it vital that we subject this namescape to a programme of rigorous research, publication, curation and dissemination to the public and to official public bodies, and that we do it now. The team we have assembled for this purpose represents cumulative and long-standing expertise on Iona's history and heritage, on place-names and place-name survey, and on Gaelic and history in the adjacent island of Mull. In assembling this team at this time, the project is of utmost timeliness.The core tasks of the project will be to research in-depth the place-names of Iona, to make that research widely available to the public through an online resource, and to bring them to publication in a volume of the Survey of Scottish Place-Names. Because of its long-standing links to Iona, this will also include the place-names of the nearby small uninhabited island of Staffa, also managed by NTS. The research will involve an in-depth investigation of the earliest records of Iona and its landscape, as well as work with modern recordings of Gaelic place-names, and new fieldwork into contemporary usage among the various communities who inhabit and work on Iona. The research will be set against the context of the neighbouring island of Mull, examining how Iona may share features with or differ from its environs. Our work on the concerns of curating heritage place-names will be explored in an international conference on 'Authority and Authenticity', with subsequent essay collection.We will engage fully with a variety of beneficiaries from the project, producing a number of key ancillary outputs designed for the public and for the aid of heritage management: an interactive website allowing exploration of the names and the landscape; a popular guide to the place-names; standardised lists of names. We will further engage with the public and with heritage management bodies via a variety of events, including workshops, and a conference in 2021, the 1500th anniversary of the traditional date of the birth of Iona's founder, St Columba