Inventorying Intangible Cultural Heritage Assets Affected by Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani, Chipinge and Buhera districts in Zimbabwe

这项研究是为了响应自然灾害和气候变化对文化遗产影响的紧迫性。2019年3月，气旋“伊代”造成的毁灭性洪水使津巴布韦遭受重创，造成人员、牲畜和财产损失（2019年联合国报告）。约27万人受到伊代飓风的影响，约339人死亡，15230人流离失所，约349人至今仍下落不明。津巴布韦政府及其发展伙伴（国际和当地非政府组织）一直站在第一线，向马尼卡兰地区的受影响社区提供人道主义援助，并重新安置和重建受影响社区，特别是在奇马尼马尼、奇平奇和布赫拉地区。因此，迫切需要进行这项研究，以便将其投入到津巴布韦政府及其发展伙伴所倡导的伊代气旋后恢复方案中。气候变化引发的灾害，如飓风伊代，对文化遗产构成严重威胁。文化遗产在反映文化、历史和社会价值方面发挥着重要作用，对国家和社区身份具有重要价值，并与过去和正在进行的社会凝聚力联系在一起。然而，气候变化引起的自然灾害对文化遗产的不利影响往往主要与有形或物质文化财产（如建筑物、纪念碑或考古遗址）有关，而与口头传统、表演艺术、社会习俗、土著仪式、亲属制度等非物质文化遗产（ICH）的关系较少。例如，在马尼托巴省九个受灾地区开展的两项最显著的“伊代”气旋后恢复行动；津巴布韦伊代恢复项目（ZIRP）和飓风后伊代紧急恢复和复原力项目（PCIREP）主要侧重于生计和基础设施。该计划的重点是重建社区基础设施和通过现金转移、恢复农作物和畜牧业生产来恢复生计。PCIREP项目的重点是重建津巴布韦各地的关键基础设施，包括交通、电力、水和卫生设施。这些规划都没有针对恢复或恢复受影响社区的非物质文化遗产。由于社区的分散，非物质遗产面临着相当大的风险，例如在津巴布韦遭受伊代飓风袭击的地区发生的情况，10,000所房屋被摧毁，家庭正在被重新安置到其他地区。这种类型的破坏往往具有更持久的社会影响，例如，影响文化多样性和社会文化互动，因为家庭被迫改变其社区结构、生活方式并争夺资源。迫切需要将非物质文化遗产纳入用于恢复和重建津巴布韦马尼卡兰省受伊代飓风影响社区的灾害风险管理框架，因为文化遗产往往在灾难发生后因保护、恢复和重建不力而遭到破坏或破坏。因此，本研究迫切需要为这些受影响社区的非物质文化遗产提供基于证据的信息，这些信息有助于受影响社区的可持续恢复力、重建和搬迁。

This proposed study is in response to the urgency grants highlight notice on impacts on cultural heritage resulting from natural disasters and climate change. In March 2019, devastating floods due to Cyclone Idai left Zimbabwe hard hit and devastated in terms of loss to human life and livestock as well as damage to property (UN Report, 2019). About 270,000 people were affected by Cyclone Idai, approximately 339 died, 15,230 displaced and about 349 are still missing to date. The Government of Zimbabwe and its development partners (international and local NGOs) have been on the forefront assisting the affected communities in Manicaland district with humanitarian aid and with relocating and reconstructing affected communities, especially in Chimanimani, Chipinge and Buhera districts. Hence, the urgent need to conduct this study so that it inputs into the post-Cyclone Idai recovery programme being championed by the Government of Zimbabwe and its development partners. Climate change induced disasters, such as Cyclone Idai, pose a severe threat to cultural heritage. Cultural heritage plays an important role as a reflection of cultural, historical, and social values, is valuable to national and community identities, and it links to the past, and ongoing social cohesion. However, the adverse effects of climate change induced natural disasters on cultural heritage tend to be considered primarily in connection with tangible or physical cultural properties, such as buildings, monuments, or archeological sites, and less in connection with Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, indigenous rituals, kinship systems. For example, the two most pronounced Post-cyclone Idai recovery initiatives in the nine affected districts in Manicaland province; the Zimbabwe Idai Recovery Project (ZIRP) and the Post Cyclone Idai Emergency Recovery and Resilience Project (PCIREP), are mainly focused on livelihoods and infrastructure. ZIRP is focusing on rebuilding community infrastructure and restoring livelihoods through cash transfers, restoring agricultural crops and livestock production. The PCIREP programme is focusing on rebuilding key infrastructure across Zimbabwe, which include transport, electricity, and water and sanitation.None of these programmes are targeted at recovering or restoring the ICH of the affected communities. Intangible heritage faces considerable risks through the scattering of communities such as what happened in the Cyclone Idai hit districts in Zimbabwe where 10,000 houses were destroyed and the families are being relocated to other districts. This type of damage often has a longer-lasting social impact e.g., affect cultural diversity and socio-cultural interactions as families are forced to change their community set up, ways of life, and to compete for resources. There is urgent need to include ICH within the framework of disaster risk management being used in recovering and rebuilding Cyclone Idai affected communities in Manicaland province in Zimbabwe as cultural heritage is often damaged or destroyed in the aftermath of a disaster due to insensitive conservation, recovery, and reconstruction. Hence, this study is of urgency to provide evidence-based information on the intangible cultural heritage of these affected communities that is useful for sustainable resilience, reconstruction and relocation of the affected communities.