Transnational sexual health activism and Aids in Western Europe, 1980s-1990s

拟议的项目首次全面研究了1980年代和1990年代西欧对付艾滋病的性健康行动主义与这个区域和时代的人员和思想的跨国流动之间的联系。它审查了下列具体问题：西欧人员和思想的跨国流动的性质和对个人和集体性健康活动人士处理艾滋病问题的影响是什么？2. 这些转移是如何通过不同地区普遍存在的社会文化和政治条件以及性健康活动家的不同社会背景进行过滤的？性健康活动在多大程度上以及如何鼓励个人的跨境流动？该项目涉及三个层面的分析：a)个人积极分子b)性健康积极分子群体c)更广泛的背景，即这些积极分子在地方、国家和跨国层面参与的辩论，与医生、社会工作者、决策者和其他积极分子互动。拟议项目的主要假设是，所讨论的跨境转移有助于在西欧活动家之间创造一个互动和冲突的动态领域。这一过程导致了思想和抗议模式的相互融合，性健康活动人士在西欧各地解决艾滋病问题。此外，该项目还打算展示迄今为止尚未得到充分研究的、处理艾滋病的性健康行动主义与跨境移民之间的联系。该项目认为，这种激进主义是由移民形成的，除了工作和学习之外，这也是为什么酷儿群体特别从南欧迁移到英国和德意志联邦共和国的原因之一。在这方面，该项目丰富了西欧应对艾滋病行动主义的研究，这些研究主要探讨了20世纪80年代至90年代在民族国家内部展开的艾滋病。该项目调查融合和冲突，跨国互动的性健康活动家所涉及的。它的目的是表明这些冲突与这些积极分子不同的社会和政治背景有关。相关的奖学金主要是研究同性恋积极分子解决艾滋病相关问题。然而，这项拟议中的研究探讨了在性取向、性别认同、社会阶层、“种族”、年龄、地点和意识形态方面各不相同的竞选者。他们不同的背景促成了性健康活动人士对艾滋病的不同看法。最重要的是，正如该项目所要展示的那样，他们经常在遵循“安全性行为”规范的必要性以及20世纪80年代是否标志着性压抑的时代上产生分歧。因此，该项目提供了一个在20世纪80年代至90年代对性的理解的社会和政治上不同的分期。最近关于性的研究提供了一种微妙的叙述，认为这个时代并不是20世纪60年代至70年代性变化的反高潮。然而，它忽略了这个项目所揭示的不同时期的各个方面，比如流动性工作者积极分子所接受的性概念。该项目还针对学术界以外的学科。首先，它旨在帮助年龄在18-25岁之间的人了解从属群体的历史，特别是性工作者，他们一直在与艾滋病相关的耻辱作斗争。其次，它对在德意志联邦共和国和英国处理移民问题的政策制定者、记者和教师很有用。该项目旨在帮助他们熟悉处理移民与非外国出生人口之间关系的开创性方法。这些方法并没有将融合定义为移民对接收社会的简单适应。相反，他们反对移民与非外国出生的德国人和英国人之间的互利互动。

The proposed project offers the first comprehensive study of the link between sexual health activism dealing with Aids in Western Europe in the 1980s and 1990s and the transnational flows of people and ideas in this region and era. It examines the following specific questions:1. What was the nature and impact of transnational flows of people and ideas in Western Europe on individual and collective sexual health activist subjects dealing with Aids? 2. How were these transfers filtered through the sociocultural and political conditions that were prevalent in the diverse locations in question as well as through the varying social backgrounds of sexual health activists?3. To what extent and how did sexual health activism encourage the cross-border movement of individuals?The project deals with three levels of analysis: a) individual activists b) groups of sexual health activists and c) the broader context, namely the debates in which those activists were involved at the local, national and transnational level, interacting with doctors, social workers, policymakers and other activists.The main hypothesis of the proposed project is that the cross-border transfers in question helped create a dynamic field of interaction and conflict among activists in Western Europe. This process led to a cross-fertilisation of ideas and protest patterns that sexual health activists addressing Aids employed across Western Europe. Moreover, the project intends to show the hitherto underexamined link of sexual health activism dealing with Aids with cross-border migration. The project argues that such activism was shaped by migration and served as one of the reasons, besides work and study, why queer individuals in particular relocated from Southern Europe to the UK and the Federal Republic of Germany. In this vein, the project enriches research on activism dealing with Aids in Western Europe, which has mainly explored its unfolding within nation-states in the 1980s-1990s.The project investigates the convergence and the conflicts that the transnational interaction of sexual health activists involved. It aims to show that such conflicts pertained to the differing social and political background of those activists. The relevant scholarship has mostly examined gay activists addressing Aids-related issues. However, the proposed research explores campaigners who varied in terms of sexual orientation, gender identity, social class, 'race', age, location and ideology. Their diverging backgrounds contributed to sexual health activists dealing with Aids endorsing differing perceptions of activism and sexuality. Crucially, as the project intends to show, they often disagreed on the need to follow 'safe sex' norms as well as whether the 1980s marked an era of sexual repression. Thus, the project provides a socially and politically differentiated periodisation of understandings of sexuality in the 1980s-1990s. Recent research on sexuality offers a nuanced narrative of this era as not being the anti-climax of sexual changes in the 1960s-1970s. However, it has ignored facets of the differentiated periodisation that this project illuminates, such as the conceptions of sexuality that migrant sex worker activists embraced.The project also targets subjects beyond academia. First, it intends to help acquaint people aged circa 18-25 years with the history of subordinated groups, especially sex workers, who have struggled against their Aids-related stigma. Second, it is useful for policymakers, journalists and teachers dealing with migration in the Federal Republic of Germany and the UK. The project aims to help familiarise them with pioneering approaches to the relations between migrants and the non-foreign-born population. These approaches do not define integration as simply an adaptation of migrants to the receiving society. Instead, they counterpose the mutually beneficial interaction between migrants and the non-foreign-born Germans and Britons.