GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF NORMAL INFANTS

我们的长期目标是更好地理解增长 和早产儿的营养。 定量 测定每个婴儿每天的能量和营养素摄入量 结合人体测量参数的系列测量， 在研究饮食结构的改变对食物的影响时， 消费和增长。 在研究影响食物的因素方面， 消费，我们建议研究能量浓度，蛋白质 饮食的浓度和甜度。 通过连续测定 24-小时能量消耗（通过将心跳与 间接热量测定，然后累积24小时的心跳）， 通过受试者创建的扰动对身体成分进行系列测量， 我们将探索一种电磁场（一种快速、非侵入性的方法） 能量摄入和能量消耗与生长的关系。 直接 量热法将被用来验证间接量热法， 成长中的婴儿 给予的稳定药物丢失率的差异 同位素（氘和18-0）将被研究，以确定有用的 这种方法在确定能源消耗。 蛋白质需求 将重新评估婴儿的营养状况，特别是与蛋白质摄入量有关的营养状况 和蛋白质营养状况。 生物利用度 尿素占母乳总氮的12%左右， 用[15 N]尿素测定。 代谢平衡研究将 用于临床感兴趣的营养相互作用的研究 早产儿的管理。

Our long-term goal is the development of a better understanding of growth and nutrition of fullterm and premature infants. Quantitative determinations of energy and nutrients intake of each infant for each day of study are combined with serial measurements of anthropometric parameters in studying the effect of alterations in diet composition on food consumption and growth. In the area of studies of factors influencing food consumption, we propose to study energy concentration, protein concentration and sweetness of the diet. By serial determinations of 24-hour energy expenditures (by relating heart beats to results of indirects calorimetry and then accumulating heart beats for 24 hours) and serial measurements of body composition by subject-created perturbation of an electromagnetic field (a rapid, non-invasive method) we shall explore the relation of energy intake and energy expenditure to growth. Direct calorimetry will be used in an attempt to validate indirect calorimetry in the growing infant. The difference in rate of loss of administered stable isotopes (deuterium and 18-0) will be studied to determine the usefulness of this method in determining energy expenditures. The protein requirement of infants will be re-evaluated, particularly in relation to protein intake and protein nutritional status of breast-fed infants. The bioavailabililty of urea, which accounts for about 12% of total nitrogen of human milk, will be determined with the use of [15N] urea. Metabolic balance studies will be employed in study of nutrient interactions of interest in clinical management of small premature infants.