EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF A MODEL SYSTEM

该计划项目被认为是一项协调一致的努力，以调查一些 进化遗传学的关键问题该项目制定了一个多- 一个利用果蝇作为模型系统的水平研究计划。主要 目标如下： (1)通过克隆超氧化物来测试“分子进化钟” 歧化酶（SOD基因区在一些双翅目动物中的分歧超过了10年， 与人类和其他生物的SOD相比 以确定这个基因是否经历了加速进化， 哺乳动物，正如所声称的那样。 (2)对大量果蝇SOD基因进行测序 从四个地理区域到一定程度的遗传变异， 和人口之间。SOD基因特别重要，因为 它显然与抵抗辐射和化学制剂有关， 以及老化。 (3)为了对15个基因组中的其他四个基因区域（Gpdh、Adh、Xdh和Ddc）进行测序， 对果蝇刺激素和D willistoni，为了检验从SOD结果中得出的结论， in D.黑腹菌 (4)从理论上和经验上检验 年龄特异性和密度依赖性选择的组合。 (5)以确定对年龄有反应的各种生理机制- 特定或密度特定和密度依赖的自然选择。 这项研究计划是高度相关的，以促进我们的基本 了解遗传疾病和其他健康问题， 哪些模型系统是关键的。该项目由一个核心 和五个独立的组成项目，每个项目将由两个或两个以上的 五个P>I>中的三个，它们的组合各不相同 成分这些组成部分在概念上高度相互依赖， 实验方法，并在共享共同设施。

This Program Project is conceived as a concerted effort to investigate some keystone issues in evolutionary genetics. The Project formulates a multi- level research program that utilized Drosophila as a model system. The main objectives are as follows: (1) To test "molecular evolutionary clock" by cloning the superoxide dismutase (SOD gene region in a number of dipterans diverged over the las 80 million years and compare it with the SOD of humans and other organisms to ascertain whether this gene has experienced an accelerated evolution in the mammals, as has been claimed. (2) To sequence the SOD region in a large number of Drosophila melanogaster from four geographic regions to certain levels of genetic variation within and between populations. The SOD gene is particularly significant because of its apparent involvement in resistance to radiation and chemical agents, as well as aging. (3) To sequence four other gene regions (Gpdh, Adh, Xdh, and Ddc) in the 15 dipterans, and to sequence Sod i populations of Drosophila stimulants and D willistoni, in order to test the conclusions derived from the SOD results in D. melanogaster. (4) To examine theoretically and empirically the consequences of varying combinations of age-specific and density-dependent selection. (5) To determine the various physiological mechanisms that respond to age- specific or density-specific and density-dependent natural selection. This research program is highly relevant to advance our fundamental understanding of genetic disease and again among other health problems, for which model systems are critical. The Program Project consists of a core and five separate component projects, each of which will be led two or three of the five P>I>s in combinations that vary from one to another component. The components are highly interdependent conceptually, in experimental approach, and in the sharing of common facilities.