Stories from Rwanda: Agency, Editing and New Audiences

卢旺达政府的数据显示，1994年对图西族的种族灭绝造成100多万人死亡。该国的基础设施被摧毁，家庭记忆破裂，卢旺达社会受到严重伤害。幸存者的证词和对过去的艺术探索在开辟新的方式来记住种族灭绝和探索冲突后的身份方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在种族灭绝之后，许多故事都是由对卢旺达的文化和历史复杂性知之甚少的局外人讲述的。佐伊·诺里奇的领导奖学金《卢旺达故事》探索了创造性的跨学科方法，在讲述对图西人的种族灭绝时突出卢旺达人的声音。除其他外，这笔赠款支持翻译Yolande Mukagasana的幸存者证词《不是我的死期》，与卢旺达艺术家一起举办写作和摄影讲习班，以及Wasafiri关于人权文化的特刊。在此期间，PI和合作伙伴发现了两个意想不到的挑战：1）如果幸存者没有能力领导证词项目，那么突出幸存者的声音就无法增强卢旺达人的权能。幸存者往往觉得他们的故事被工具化，并以使他们不舒服并可能引起痛苦的方式被复述。2）意识到英国在1994年卢旺达对图西人的种族灭绝教学资源方面存在重大缺口。这部分是因为，与大屠杀不同，最近的种族灭绝不在国家课程中。除了Ishami基金会的材料外，确实存在的资源并不倾向于让幸存者参与其概念化或交付。这一后续资助提案通过借鉴亚洲人权委员会资助的关于跨学科合作和基于艺术的方法在突出卢旺达声音方面的价值的研究见解来应对这些挑战。大部分工作围绕着100个故事展开，这是一个幸存者的证词集，以及其他卢旺达人的故事，包括救援人员，幸存者的孩子和种族灭绝肇事者。在艺术家和种族灭绝幸存者Jo Ingabire Moys的带领下，这些故事突出了过去和现在的重要时刻，以感官和情感细节为基础，为种族灭绝提供了更广泛的见解。诺里奇展示了幸存者的领导能力，从一开始就支持这个项目，现在试图帮助Ingabire收集50个新的故事，并进入一个新的项目：编辑和出版整个集合作为一本平装书。这是建立在她与卢旺达胡扎出版社的现有关系基础上的，后者已同意出版这部作品。该小组将共同制定编辑报道的协作方法，并在卢旺达出版专业人员中建立封面设计和编辑证词方面的专门知识。完整的幸存者主导的100个故事集将为英国教师提供宝贵的资源。为了促进他们在英国课堂上的使用，PI，博士后和Ishami基金会的首席执行官Eric Murangwa尤金MBE（也是种族灭绝的幸存者）将与汉普顿学校的Genocide80Twenty一起工作，以绘制教育工作者目前利用卢旺达幸存者证词的方式，并开发资源，以支持教师在课堂上使用书面和面对面的证词。在英国和卢旺达的所有100个故事项目都得到了总部设在英国的卢旺达幸存者和心理健康专家Philomene Uwamaliya的支持。她还将协助为英国和卢旺达的非政府组织和种族灭绝教育工作者制定咨询准则，指导他们在制作种族灭绝证词材料时与幸存者合作。这些积极的合作为新受众制作新材料将支持种族灭绝教育，同时也让幸存者对他们的故事被使用的方式拥有更多的自主权。

Rwandan government figures state that over a million people died during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. The country's infrastructure was destroyed, family memory ruptured and Rwandan society left severely wounded. Survivor testimony and artistic explorations of the past play key roles in opening up new ways to remember genocide and explore post-conflict identities. However, in the aftermath of genocide, many stories were told by outsiders with little understanding of Rwanda's cultural and historical complexity.Zoe Norridge's leadership fellowship Stories from Rwanda explored creative interdisciplinary approaches to foregrounding Rwandan voices in narratives about the genocide against the Tutsi. This grant supported, amongst other elements, the translation of Yolande Mukagasana's survivor testimony Not My Time to Die, writing and photography workshops with Rwandan artists, and a special issue of Wasafiri on Human Rights Cultures.During this fellowship the PI and partners identified two unanticipated challenges:1) A concern that foregrounding survivor voices fails to empower Rwandans if survivors are not also in positions to lead testimonial projects. Too often survivors feel their stories are instrumentalised and retold in manners that make them uncomfortable and may cause pain.2) The realisation that there is a significant gap in UK resources for teaching the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. This is in part because, unlike the Holocaust, more recent genocides are not in the national curriculum. With the exception of Ishami Foundation materials, resources that do exist don't tend to involve survivors in their conceptualisation or delivery. This follow-on-funding proposal responds to these challenges by drawing on AHRC-funded research insights into the value of interdisciplinary collaboration and arts-based approaches in foregrounding Rwandan voices.Much of the work centres around 100 Stories, a collection of testimony from survivors, alongside stories from other Rwandans including rescuers, children of survivors and genocide perpetrators. Led by artist and genocide survivor Jo Ingabire Moys, these stories foreground significant moments from past and present, grounded in sensual and emotional detail, that offer wider insights on genocide. Showcasing survivor leadership, Norridge has supported this project since its inception and now seeks to assist Ingabire in collecting fifty new stories and moving onto a new project: editing and publishing the whole collection as a paperback book. This builds on her existing relationship with Rwanda's Huza Press who have agreed to publish the work. Together, the team will develop collaborative methodologies for editing the stories and build expertise amongst Rwandan publishing professionals in the areas of cover design and editing testimony. The complete survivor-led collection of 100 Stories will offer a valuable resource for UK teachers. To facilitate their use in UK classrooms, the PI, postdoc and Ishami Foundation's CEO Eric Murangwa Eugene MBE (also a genocide survivor) will work alongside Genocide80Twenty at Hampton School, to map ways in which educators currently draw on Rwandan survivor testimony and develop resources to support teachers working with written and in-person testimony in the classroom. All the 100 Stories projects in the UK and Rwanda are supported by UK-based Rwandan survivor and mental health specialist Philomene Uwamaliya. She will also assist with the development of advisory guidelines for NGOs and genocide educators, in the UK and Rwanda, on collaborative working with survivors when producing materials featuring genocide testimony.These active collaborations producing new materials for new audiences will support genocide education whilst also giving survivors more ownership over the ways in which their stories are used.