Institutional Abuse: Reformatory Schools and the use of physical force

这是一个历史犯罪学项目，将探索英国第一个政府经营的青年机构；感化学校。在英国，刑事司法系统（CJS）仍然是唯一允许故意对儿童施加痛苦的机构。儿童保护倡导者认为，使用的约束技术会造成不必要的伤害。然而，在控制安全地产内的孩子的借口下，他们是合理的。本研究将从历史的角度探讨“正当性”的叙事。这将通过查阅地区改革记录（机构一级）、议会报告（政治一级）和报纸（公众一级）来完成。自从儿童被监禁以来，他们一直受到虐待和虐待。在这些历史制度和更广泛的政治/公共领域背景下，使用武力是如何被证明是合理的、受到批评的和/或被忽视的？这个长期的历史镜头将使我们能够理解在今天的安全遗产中对儿童的虐待的持续接受。这个项目有三条腿的输出策略，它们是相互关联的；学术、政策和公众参与。(1)我将通过这个跨学科项目，通过在儿童虐待研究和犯罪学领域的学术同行评议期刊文章和会议论文，为学术辩论做出贡献，以确保我既能从这些不同但相关的研究领域中学习，又能对这些领域有所贡献。同样，我将在项目结束时举办一个研讨会，汇集在全球不同制度化环境中工作或研究的跨学科演讲者（不限于刑事司法系统）。这将使项目产生更广泛的影响。该项目的研究结果将使我能够参与未来政策改革的政策辩论。我将撰写一份历史与政策政策简报文件，分发给相关的议会各党派小组，并撰写一份较短的概况介绍，以供更广泛分发。(3)由于公众的兴趣和对问题的认识，变革往往得以实现。因此，该项目还将通过一个包容性的博客/播客系列，由已建立的网络主持的面向公众的讲座，以及通过面向公众的媒体机构the Conversation的书面文章，与公众接触，提高对手头问题的认识和支持。这样，随着时间的推移，该项目将致力于增加对机构中虐待青少年问题的认识和理解。我将加入跨学科的制度研究领域，为青年司法变革的政策改革辩论提供素材，并就涉及经常被忽视的犯罪儿童的历史背景伤害问题向公众提供信息和参与。

This is an historical criminological project which will explore the first government-run youth institutions in England; the reformatory schools. The criminal justice system (CJS) remains the only institution where the deliberate infliction of pain on children is sanctioned in the UK. Child protection advocates argue that the restraint techniques used causes unnecessary harm. Yet, they are justified under the pretence of controlling children within the secure estate. This research will explore the narratives of 'justification' from an historical perspective. This will be done by consulting regional reformatory records (institutional level), parliamentary reports (political level), and newspapers (public level). Since children have been imprisoned, they have been mistreated and abused. How was the use of physical force justified, criticised and/or ignored within these historical institutions and within the wider context of the political/public domain? This long historical lens will enable an understanding of the continued acceptance of the mistreatment of children within the secure estate today.This project has a three legged output strategy, which are inter-related; academic, policy and public engagement. (1) I will contribute to the academic debate through this interdisciplinary project through academic peer review journal articles and conference papers in the field of both child abuse studies and criminology to ensure I both learn from and add to these different, but related, fields of study. Similarly, I will hold a symposium at the close of the project to bring together interdisciplinary speakers working in or studying different institutionalised settings across the globe (not limited to the Criminal Justice System). This will enable the project to have wider impact. (2) The findings from the project will enable me to feed into the policy debate for future policy reform. I will write a Policy Briefing Document for History and Policy for dissemination amongst relevant All-Party Parliamentary Groups and a shorter Fact Sheet version for wider distribution. (3) Often change is enabled due to public interest and awareness of the issues. As such, this project will also engage with the public to raise awareness and support for the issues at hand through an inclusive Blog/Podcast Series, public-facing talks hosted by already established networks with a ready audience built in, and lastly through a written piece in the public-facing media outlet The Conversation.In this way, this project will work towards an increased knowledge and understanding of the issue of mistreatment of juveniles in institutions over time. I will add to the interdisciplinary field of institutional studies, feed into policy reform debates for change in youth justice, and inform and engage with the public on issues of harm in historical settings involving oft overlooked offending children.