INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS AS TUMOR MARKERS

中间丝(IF)是直径为10-12 nm的细胞骨架 有核哺乳动物细胞的结构。五个不同的班级 其中三种存在于中枢神经系统(CNS)和 外周(PNS)神经系统：神经丝(神经元)，神经胶质 细丝(CNS神经胶质细胞的IF)和波形蛋白(CNS和PNS神经胶质细胞的IF 间充质细胞和其他细胞)。IF的另外两个类别是Desmin (肌肉细胞的IF)和角蛋白(上皮细胞的IF)。因此，除了 对于波形蛋白，如果蛋白质是细胞特有的，可以被认为是细胞 肿瘤病理学中的类型特异性标记物。抗(AS)血清 如果在诊断中使用了一些成功的类，则不同 病理学。然而，抗IF AS的使用导致了冲突 关于某些IF类的蜂窝分布的报告。近期 使用抗IF单抗(MA)的研究表明，这可能是 这是因为不同的IF类同时具有唯一性和 共享表位。这种对使用抗IF抗体的潜在障碍 在诊断病理学中可以通过使用mas特异性为 单独的IF类。 研究将仔细评估反IF类特定的假设 MAS是评价人中枢神经系统和三叉神经系统肿瘤的有用试剂 (包括弥漫性神经内分泌系统肿瘤或脂肪瘤)。如果 每一类的蛋白质将被提纯并用于生产特定类的蛋白质 MAS的免疫组织化学和免疫组织化学特征 方法：研究方法。每个IF类的分布将使用以下内容来确定 免疫组织化学方法检测正常及肿瘤CNS、PNS组织中MAS的表达。 在这些结果出来之前，脊髓液细胞学标本也将 检查过了。此外，电子显微镜和免疫化学方法将 被用来进一步表征选定肿瘤的IF。这些研究 将改善肿瘤诊断、病人护理和 对肿瘤生物学的理解。(4)

Intermediate filaments (IF) are the 10-12 nm in diameter cytoskeletal structures of nucleated mammalian cells. Five different classes are distinguished, and three are present in cells of the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system: neurofilaments (IF of neurons), glial filaments (IF of CNS glia), and vimentin (IF of CNS and PNS glia as well as of mesenchymal and other cells). The two other classes of IF are desmin (IF of muscle cells) and keratin (IF of epithelial cells). Thus, except for vimentin, IF proteins are cell specific and can be considered cell type-specific markers in oncological pathology. Antisera (AS) against different IF classes have been used with some success in diagnostic pathology. However, the use of anti-IF AS has resulted in conflicting reports on the cellular distribution of certain IF classes. Recent studies, using anti-IF monoclonal antibodies (MAs), suggest that this may be due to the fact that the different IF classes have both unique and shared epitopes. This potential obstacle to the use of anti-IF antibodies in diagnostic pathology can be overcome through the use of MAs specific for individual IF classes. Studies will carefully evaluate the hypothesis that anti-IF class-specific MAs are useful reagents for the evaluation of human CNS and PNS tumors (including tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system or apudomas). IF proteins of each class will be purified and used to produce class-specific MAs, which will be characterized by immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The distribution of each IF class will be determined using these MAs by immunohistochemistry in normal and neoplastic CNS and PNS tissues. Pending these results, spinal fluid cytology specimens will also be examined. In addition, electron microscopy and immunochemical methods will be used to further characterize the IF of selected tumors. These studies will lead to improvements in tumor diagnosis, patient care, and the understanding of tumor biology. (4)