SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND THE STRESS/ILLNESS MODEL

压力/吸烟文学几乎是一个混乱的 令人兴奋但不连贯的发现 压力是可操作的 各种各样的，如吸烟。 很难辨别出一种模式 这些结果清楚地表明， 研究应该如何以及健康和 可能会有疾病。 一些全面的概念框架 现在迫切需要帮助组织现存的压力/吸烟 并指导未来的研究工作。 这个项目 采用这样的概念模型。 四个结构偶尔被称为应力，已被 与吸烟行为有关。 他们 是：心理生理困扰，主要生活事件，每天 愤怒和人格特质焦虑。 该模型预测 心理生理上的痛苦直接影响 吸烟行为和轻微疾病的变化， 直接受到日常烦恼和特质焦虑的影响， 生活中的重大事件。 保护性心理社会 因子也被引入和预测，以缓冲 压力转化为吸烟和疾病。 200名吸烟和100名不吸烟的大学生将被 招募并支付完成调查问卷， 各种压力和心理措施，参与 健康访谈和重点体检， 只有吸烟者，才能通过人类进行吸烟表征， 吸烟机和可替宁分析完成。 受试者将 两次就诊间隔一个月。 大学 肯塔基州调查研究中心将管理受试者招募 和数据收集。 多元回归将用于 分析数据。 这项研究的两个主要优点是使用了一个 组织现有成果和指导的概念框架 进一步研究和使用客观，除了 吸烟和身体状况的自我报告措施。 其他 优势包括检查保护的影响， 第一次在吸烟区和使用的因素 纵向研究设计

The stress/smoking literature is pretty much a jumble of titillating but disjointed findings. Stress is operationalized variously, as is smoking. It is difficult to discern a pattern of results that would clearly suggest what the next step in research should be and how the critical outcomes of health and illness might tie in. Some comprehensive conceptual framework is now sorely needed to help organize extant stress/smoking results and guide future research efforts. This project employs such a conceptual model. Four constructs occasionally referred to as stress, have been found to be associated with aspects of smoking behavior. They are: psychophysiological distress, major life events, daily irritations and personality trait anxiety. The model predicts that psychophysiological distress directly influences variations in smoking behavior and minor illness and is itself influenced directly by daily irritations and trait anxiety and indirectly by major life events. Protective psychosocial factors are also introduced and predicted to buffer the translation of stress into smoking and illness. Two hundred smoking and 100 nonsmoking college students will be recruited and paid to complete the questionnaire for the assorted stress and psychological measures, to participate in health interviews and focused physical examinations and, for smokers only, to have smoking characterization by a human smoking machine and cotinine analyses done. Subjects will be seen twice with one month between visits. The University of Kentucky Survey Research Center will manage subject recruitment and data collection. Multiple regression will be used to analyze the data. The two major strengths of the study are the use of a conceptual framework to organize extant results and guide further research and the use of objective in addition to self-report measures of smoking and physical status. Other strengths include the examination of the effects of protective factors for the first time in the smoking area and use of a longitudinal research design.