TWIN/FAMILY STUDY OF VULNERABILITY TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE

三个队列，每个队列由165对11岁的男性双胞胎组成， 18名，25名将从出生记录中确定，并被招募， 连同他们的亲生父母和一个男性兄弟姐妹， 参加为期两天的实验室评估。 每个队列中将有三分之一由高危家庭组成 生父有药物滥用史(SA)； 每个队列的其余部分将被取消选择。双胞胎中的一半 MZ和DZ双胞胎家族中的一半将是单合子 将居住在明尼阿波利斯-圣彼得堡。保罗都会区和 另一半在州外的明尼苏达州。评估将涉及 有组织的精神病学访谈和实质评估 使用、认知和神经心理测试、清单 个性，兴趣和才华，对精神病的评估- 与SA或精神病相关的生理标记物 导致SA风险的障碍，以及对家庭和 同龄人的特点，以及日常活动日记。双胞胎 兄弟姐妹将参加一个为期一天的后续实验室 在项目实施的第五年进行评估。其用意是 这对双胞胎家庭随后将进行为期7年的随访 句号。165个高危家庭将允许联合分析 已确定的和推定的SA风险因素。未被选中的330人 双胞胎家族将为多元生物识别提供数据- 这些危险因素在青少年、青春期晚期、 和青壮年雄性。这项研究的中心目的是 确定基因-环境协变的机制 和相互作用决定了物质的自然历史 虐待。

Three cohorts, each consisting of 165 pairs of male twins aged 11, 18, and 25 will be ascertained from birth records, and recruited, together with their biological parents and a male sibling, where available, to participate in a two-day laboratory assessment. One-third of each cohort will consist of high-risk families in which the biological father has a history of substance abuse (SA); the remainder of each cohort will be unselected. Half of the twin pairs will be monozygotic and half of the MZ and DZ twin families will reside in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area and the other half in out-state Minnesota. The assessment will involve structured psychiatric interviews and assessment of substance use, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, inventories of personality, interests, and talents, assessment of psycho- physiological markers associated with SA or with psychiatric disorders that entail risk for SA, and assessment of family and peer group characteristics, and a daily activities diary. The twins and siblings will participate in a one-day follow-up laboratory assessment in the 5th year of the project. It is intended that these twin-families will subsequently be follow-up over a 7 year period. The 165 high-risk families will permit a joint analysis of established and putative risk factors for SA. The 330 unselected twin-families will provide data for multivariate biometrical- genetic analysis of these risk factors in juvenile, late adolescent, and young-adult males. The central purpose of this study is to identify the mechanisms of genotype-environmental covariation and interaction that determined the natural history of substance abuse.