CAFFEINE'S EFFECTS ON SMOKING AND NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL

吸烟通常与摄入含咖啡因的饮料有关。 饮料，尤其是咖啡。 流行病学研究表明， 吸烟数量和咖啡数量之间的相关性 每日消费。 此外，喝咖啡的行为可能是一种强烈的 吸烟对许多人的刺激。 的长期目标 这项研究计划是为了确定咖啡是否 或咖啡因的摄入与吸烟有很大关系， 吸烟的不良健康后果或成瘾潜力。 该应用程序考虑了三个不同的领域，其中咖啡饮用 可能会增加吸烟的风险。 第一，咖啡因消费 可增强尼古丁的拟交感神经作用， 其致病性。 咖啡因是已知的增强其他 交感神经介导的反应 一项实验室研究将检查 咖啡因预处理对交感神经系统的剂量相关效应 介导的心血管和神经内分泌反应， 香烟烟雾中尼古丁的剂量。 第二，消费 咖啡因或咖啡可能会影响吸烟者的随意吸烟量 吸烟和尼古丁通过药理学或行为机制。 一 实验室研究将检查单独和联合的影响， 咖啡因给药与短期喝咖啡行为 吸烟行为和尼古丁摄入量。 一项相关的研究将审查 含咖啡因与不含咖啡因的咖啡消费对随意的影响 吸烟和尼古丁摄入量。 第三，咖啡因的摄入会使戒烟变得更加困难。 并通过增加或强化 戒烟的症状或通过改变认知和 在禁欲期间出现的表现缺陷。 一项研究将 研究含咖啡因和不含咖啡因的咖啡对 戒断症状和渴望在4天的实验期间 戒烟 一项相关的实验室研究将检查 剂量相关的咖啡因对相关性能下降的影响 急性戒烟 五项研究中的每一项也将 探索咖啡因/咖啡的潜在种族或民族差异 影响和吸烟行为的纳入和直接比较， 每个方案中的白色和黑人受试者组。 总之，这五项拟议的研究应该提供新的见解， 吸烟行为及其对健康的影响 此外， 了解咖啡因和喝咖啡对吸烟的影响 行为应该产生实际的建议，将提高临床 努力戒烟。

Cigarette smoking is commonly linked to the consumption of caffeinated beverages, especially coffee. Epidemiological studies suggest strong correlations between number of cigarettes smoked and quantity of coffee consumed daily. Furthermore, the act of coffee-drinking can be a strong stimulus for smoking in many individuals. The long-term objective of this research program is to determine whether the association of coffee or caffeine consumption with smoking contributes significantly to the adverse health consequences or addictive potential of smoking. The application considers three different areas in which coffee drinking could contribute to the risks of smoking. First, caffeine consumption could potentiate the sympathomimetic effects of nicotine and increase their pathogenicity. Caffeine is known to potentiate other sympathetically mediated responses. A laboratory study will examine the dose-related effects of caffeine pretreatment on sympathetically mediated cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to a controlled dose of nicotine in cigarette smoke. Second, the consumption of caffeine or coffee could affect a smoker's ad lib intake of cigarette smoke and nicotine through pharmacological or behavioral mechanisms. A laboratory study will examine the separate and combined effects of caffeine administration and coffee-drinking behaviors on short-term smoking behavior and nicotine intake. A related study will examine the effects of caffeinated vs. dicaffeinated coffee consumption on ad lib smoke and nicotine intake during week-long periods of normal activity. Third, caffeine consumption could make smoking cessation more difficult and increase the likelihood of relapse by adding to or intensifying the symptoms of tobacco abstinence or by altering the cognitive and performance deficits that appear during abstinence. One study will examine tbe effects of caffeinated vs. decaffeinated coffee on withdrawal symptoms and craving during 4-day periods of experimental smoking abstinence. A related laboratory study will examine dose-related caffeine effects on the performance decrements associated with acute smoking deprivation. Each of the five studies will also explore potential racial or ethnic differences in caffeine/coffee effects and smoking behaviors by the inclusion and direct comparison of groups of White and Black subjects in each protocol. Together, these five proposed studies should provide new insights into cigarette smoking behavior and its health consequences. Furthermore, an understanding of the effects of caffeine and coffee drinking on smoking behavior should yield practical suggestions that will enhance clinical efforts directed at smoking cessation.