PSYCHOSOCIAL EVALUATION OF CRANIOFACIAL PATIENTS

目前的研究表明，在心理社会方面存在一定的局限性 对颅面部疾病患者的功能进行评估和 在6岁到13岁之间接受手术。这些人的随访 术后1至2年的患者仅有有限的改善 一些心理社会措施和其他一些可能恶化的措施。在最近 多年来，另一个头面部小组已经成立，儿童经历了 在4岁之前接受手术，并且现在已经到了可以接受评估的年龄 心理上(6至13岁)。这些孩子值得他们自己学习。 对，因为他们代表了颅面人口的主要部分。 他们还提供了一个有趣的补充类似的老颅面 随后接受手术的组。对这些群体的比较将提供 关于手术时机对心理社会影响的信息 颅面外科患者的适应。此外，心理社会措施 早期手术的患者将与另外两名患者的数据进行比较 研究对象组、正常对照组和一组患者 有先天性泌尿系畸形病史的患者接受手术矫正 需要解决的具体问题是：1)是否 两组手术后先天畸形的儿童 与正常相比，这项研究将在心理上处于劣势。 儿童；2)儿童是否有明显的先天缺陷 (头面部畸形)将在心理上处于不利地位 相对于有无形缺陷的儿童和正常儿童；3) 在3岁或之前做手术的头面部儿童是否会 表现出比儿童更好的心理社会适应能力 术后再进行矫正手术；4)心理社会适应的测量 因为这些群体与外貌等级相关。心理社会状况 将通过与受试者和家长(S)面谈的方式进行评估，以及 按科目、家长和教师填写的心理测量工具 反映孩子的自我概念，情绪，内外向， 社会经历、感知外表、家庭行为和 教室。

Current research is demonstrating modest limitations in the psychosocial functioning of patients with craniofacial disorders evaluated and undergoing surgery between the ages of 6 and 13. Follow-up of these patients 1 to 2 years postoperatively reveals only limited improvement in some psychosocial measures and possible deterioration in others. In recent years another craniofacial group has been formed, children who underwent surgery before the age of 4 and who are now old enough to be evaluated psychosocially (ages 6 to 13). These children merit study in their own right as they represent a major segment of the craniofacial population. They also provide an interesting complement to a similar aged craniofacial group who received surgery later. Comparison of these groups will provide information on the significance of timing of surgery on psychosocial adjustment in craniofacial patients. In addition, psychosocial measures of the early operated patients will be compared with data from two other groups to be studied, a normal comparison group and a group of patients with a history of congenital urologic malformations surgically corrected before the age of 4. Specific questions to be addressed are: 1) whether children having the congenital anomalies of the two post-surgical groups of this study will be at a disadvantage psychosocially relative to normal children; 2) whether children with a clearly visible congenital defect (craniofacial malformations) will be at a disadvantage psychosocially relative to children with a non-visible defect and normal children; 3) whether craniofacial children having surgery done at age 3 or before will demonstrate better psychosocial adjustment in comparison to children having corrective surgery later; 4) whether measures of psychosocial adjustment for these groups are correlated with rated appearance. Psychosocial status will be assessed by means of interview with subject and parent(s), and completion of psychometric instruments by subject, parent and teacher reflecting the child's self concept, mood, introversion-extroversion, social experiences, perceived appearance, behavior in the home and classroom.