VARIANCE IN CHILDREN'S SPEECH--ACOUSTICS AND PERCEPTION

成人言语中塞音和鼻辅音产生的研究 表明这些声音是由声学相关器组成的 二分为主不变式和次变式 财产(科尔和斯科特，1974；史蒂文斯和布卢姆斯坦，1981)。虽然 成人语言的产生和感知为这些提供了证据 属性，关于生产性和感性的作用的数据很少 语音习得中的不变性和变异性。的具体目标 本研究旨在提供有关塞音和鼻辅音的声学数据。 并测试声学和知觉不变性理论以及 从发展的角度来看，差异。对儿童的认知 演讲也将根据提议的整合过程进行评估 出现在成人言语的知觉中。这件事的意义 研究表明，它将为发展性检验提供基础。 不变性和方差理论通过比较来自 包括语音声学和知觉。为了实现这些目标，有八个目标 来自3、4、5、7、99和11岁六个年龄组的正常儿童将 记录由停顿/p、t、k、b、d、g/组成的辅音-元音(CV)音节 和鼻音/m，n/每个与元音/i，ae，u，a/组合。在……里面 此外，一个由8名受试者组成的成人小组将记录这些刺激 控制目的。将使用LPC对CV音节进行声学分析 和/或DFT技术。我们将对照以下内容来检查刺激开始 用于唇部、牙槽和膜部特征的不变模板。此外, 将分析以下变量属性相对于它们的 鼻塞音和鼻音发音部位的特征：共振峰 转换起始频率、第一共振峰、第二共振峰和第三共振峰的持续时间 共振峰空间、共振峰转换轨迹和突发频率。这个 不变线索和变异线索的成年听者的知觉突显 儿童语言中的发音位置将由一个数字决定 感知实验中儿童的音节将 经过数字化编辑，以保存各种片段。感知上的突显 发音位置不变和变化提示的儿童听者 将由使用合成语音的实验确定，在该实验中 这些属性的范围和程度是可以控制的。的水平 这些声学特性在儿童言语中的知觉整合 对于成年听众，将按照分频道进行检查 技术。

Research on the production of stop and nasal consonants in adult speech has shown that these sounds are comprised of acoustic correlates that can be dichotomized into primary invariant properties and secondary variant properties (Cole and Scott, 1974; Stevens and Blumstein, 1981). Although there is evidence from production and perception of adult speech for these properties, little data exist on the role of productive and perceptual invariance and variance in phonological acquisition. The specific aims of this research are to provide acoustic data on stop and nasal consonants in children and to test theories of acoustic and perceptual invariance and variance from a developmental perspective. The perception of children's speech will also be evaluated relative to processes of integration proposed to occur in the perception of adult speech. The significance of this research is that it will provide a basis to examine developmentally theories of invariance and variance by comparing converging evidence from both speech acoustics and perception. To accomplish these aims, eight normal children from each of six age groups, 3, 4, 5, 7, 99, and 11 will record consonant-vowel (CV) syllables comprised of stops /p, t, k, b, d, g/ and nasals /m, n/ each combined with the vowels /i, ae, u, a /. In addition, an adult group of eight subjects will record these stimuli for control purposes. The CV syllables will be analyzed acoustically using LPC and or DFT techniques. Stimulus onsets will be examined relative to invariant templates for labial, alveolar, and velar features. In addition, the following variant properties will be analyzed relative to their characterization of place of articulation in stops and nasals: formant transition onset frequencies, duration of first formant, second and third formant space, loci of formant transitions, and burst frequencies. The perceptual salience for adult listeners of invariant and variant cues for place of articulation in children's speech will be determined by a number of perceptual experiments in which the children's syllables will be digitally edited to preserve various segments. The perceptual salience for child listeners of invariant and variant cues for place of articulation will be determined by experiments employing synthetic speech in which the extent and degree of these properties can be controlled. The level of perceptual integration of these acoustic properties in children's speech for adult listeners will be examined according to a split-channel technique.