CLEFT PALATE CHILDRENS EARLY PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

这一研究计划将提供对早期 腭裂儿童语音发育的研究一些儿童患有 腭裂发展出不寻常的语音模式，已经被标记为 “补偿性”，因为它们似乎是对 不能实现腭咽闭合和“适应不良”，因为他们 一旦建立起来就很难改变。另外， 这些模式干扰了可理解性和对 腭咽闭合功能。其他有类似结构问题的儿童也有类似的问题 而不是发展这些模式。这里提出的研究将确定 与不良发音发展相关的因素 模式，并将描述语音发展的正常过程 患有腭裂的儿童。 这组研究将跟踪一组患有腭裂和 配对的一组正常儿童，从他们9个月大到 他们24个月大，试图确定疾病的起源和进程 发展充分、适当的语音技能和 发音的补偿性模式。所有的孩子每隔一次就会出现一次 三个月。在此期间将获取更多的语音样本 孩子们正在学习创造他们的第一个50个单词(所有儿童)。 早期发声的声学分析将被用来识别 “类演讲”制作与既“类演讲”制作又有意义的制作 单词将使用标准的IPA转录，并通过设计的符号进行扩充 适用于唇腭裂患者的言语。在裂隙中 上颌组与适应不良发展的关系 早期言语的补偿性发音模式(MCAP) 我们将对各种因素进行考察。这些因素包括1)听力，2) 腭咽闭合能力，3)初次腭裂手术的时机 4)MCAP的语前使用。这个 将腭裂儿童的言语与儿童的言语进行比较 识别非唇裂儿童习得率差异的研究 言语产生的里程碑和频率的差异 各种音素和音素班是儿童的目标和发音对象 无论有没有腭裂。

This program of research will provide a better understanding of the early phonological development of children with cleft palate. Some children with cleft palate develop unusual speech patterns that have been labeled "compensatory" because they appear to be produced in response to an inability to achieve velopharyngeal closure and "maladaptive" because they are difficult to change once they have been established. Additionally, these patterns interfere with intelligibility and with the assessment of velopharyngeal function. Other children with similar structural problems do not develop these patterns. The studies proposed here will identify the factors associated with the development of undesirable articulation patterns and will describe the normal course of phonological development in children with cleft palate. This set of studies will follow a group of children with cleft palate and a matched group of normal children from the time they are 9 months old until they are 24 months old in an attempt to determine the origin and course of development of both adequate, appropriate phonological skills and compensatory patterns of articulation. All children will be seen once every three months. Additional speech samples will be obtained during the time children are learning to produce their first 50 words (all children). Acoustic analyses of the early vocalizations will be used to identify "speech-like" productions and both "speech-like" productions and meaningful words will be transcribed using standard IPA augmented by symbols designed for use with the speech of individuals with cleft palate. Within the cleft palate group, the relationship between the development of maladaptive compensatory articulation patterns (MCAP) in early speech and a number of factors will be examined. These factors include 1) hearing, 2) velopharyngeal competence, 3) the timing of primary palatal surgery relative to the onset of speech, and 4) the prelinguistic use of MCAP. The speech of children with cleft palate will be compared to the speech of non-cleft children to identify differences in the rate of acquisition of speech production milestones and differences in the frequency with which various phonemes and phoneme classes are targeted and produced by children with and without cleft palate.