ENCODING AND JUDGMENT OF SENSORY MAGNITUDES

总体目标是了解感觉刺激是如何编码的， 被察觉，并被评判。这种基本感官的主要决定因素 听觉的响度和音调，声音的亮度和颜色 视觉，冷暖感觉的力量，是化妆和 当前身体刺激的强度。然而，感性的 判断也在很大程度上取决于可能的刺激因素 发生的或过去发生的；也就是说，知觉判断是 上下文相关的。感官科学的基本衡量标准--感官匹配 在质的不同刺激之间--可能在很大程度上取决于 刺激背景。本研究使用了一种新的实验范式， 称为动态心理物理量表，用于评估编码和 对感觉体验的各个维度的判断--强度(例如， 响度)、质量(例如音调)、感知持续时间和感知空间 程度--四种感官形式(听觉、视觉、触觉、温度)。 在动态标度中，受试者判断其刺激集合的大小 平均值(例如，声强、声音频率)增加并且 随着时间的推移而减少。特别是，当两个性质不同的刺激 每一个都是相对于它自己的参照系进行判断的，这 取决于刺激强度的背景设置。当上下文 随着时间的推移，参照系可能会缓慢变化。建议数 研究将试图开发一种量化的、参数的描述 动态感知编码和判断。以前的研究似乎在很大程度上 未能同时兼顾短期和长期 这些重要的知觉过程的特征，这是中心 了解感觉功能的基本特性，包括 知觉缺陷、丧失或紊乱情况下的知觉和判断。

The overall objective is to understand how sensory stimuli are encoded, perceived, and judged. The main determinants of such basic sensory properties as loudness and pitch in hearing, brightness and color in vision, the strength of warm and cold sensation, are the make-up and intensity of the current physical stimulus. Nevertheless, perceptual judgments also depend in important ways on the possible stimuli that may occur or that have occurred in the past; that is, perceptual judgments are contextual. A basic measure within sensory science -- sensory matches between qualitatively different stimuli -- can depend significantly on stimulus context. The present research uses a new experimental paradigm, called dynamic psychophysical scaling, to evaluate the encoding and judgment of various dimensions of sensory experience -- intensity (e.g., loudness), quality (e.g., pitch), perceived duration, and perceived spatial extent -- in four sensory modalities (hearing, vision, touch, temperature). In dynamic scaling, subjects judge the magnitudes of sets of stimuli whose average values (e.g., of sound intensity, sound frequency) increase and decrease over time. In particular, when two qualitatively different stimuli are judged, each is judged relative to its own frame-of-reference, which depends on the contextual sets of stimulus intensities. When the context changes, the frames-of-reference can change slowly over time. The proposed research will attempt to develop a quantitative, parametric account of dynamic perceptual encoding and judgment. Previous research seems largely to have failed to incorporate both the short-term and long-term characteristics of these important perceptual processes, which are central to understanding basic properties of sensory functioning, including perception and judgment in cases of sensory deficit, loss, or disorder.