PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF OBESITY

这些实验的目的是确定关键因素 参与身体季节变化的光周期控制 以及仓鼠的脂质质量、代谢和能量消耗。 叙利亚仓鼠体重的季节变化 auratus）和西伯利亚（Photopus sungorus sungorus）仓鼠 完全反映为胴体脂肪的变化。 这些自然- 在这些动物中脂质质量发生变化是有趣的 因为，尽管两个物种都表现出相同的季节性， 生殖反应，它们在身体上表现出相反的变化， 体重和脂肪对相同的环境刺激（日照）， 由相同的神经内分泌换能器（松果体和 它的激素，褪黑激素）。 提出了三组实验。 第一组实验将描述 脂质代谢及其潜在机制，包括 测量白色和棕色脂肪组织的区域变化 脂肪生成和脂解，以及交感神经系统的参与， 神经系统在这些过程中。 第二组实验将检查“调节” 西伯利亚仓鼠的体重、脂质质量和代谢， 特别是身体和脂质质量以及脂肪组织的恢复 饥饿引起的体细胞减少后的细胞结构变化 体重，以及脂肪组织的手术切除（脂肪切除术） 在身体的体重增加和减轻阶段进行 体重循环 第三组实验将探索以下可能性： 褪黑激素直接影响仓鼠脂肪细胞的新陈代谢， 被光周期改变的“次级激素” （褪黑激素），反过来影响身体和脂质质量的变化， 日照长度的变化。 光周期诱导胰岛素的变化， 将记录糖皮质激素和甲状腺激素， 通过实验模拟血液循环水平 与光周期相反的光周期相关联， 动物被关在里面。 脂质质量和代谢的变化将 被监控。 这种多学科方法（利用概念和技术 从内分泌学、生物化学、神经科学、动物学和 心理生物学）应该提供有关季节性的新信息， 影响体重、脂肪和脂质代谢， 反映了开发、维护和维护的基本过程 和肥胖的逆转。

The goal of these experiments is to determine the critical factors involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal changes in body and lipid mass, metabolism, and energy expenditure in hamsters. The seasonal changes in body weight in Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) hamsters are reflected entirely as changes in carcass lipid. These naturally- occurring changes in lipid mass are interesting in these animals because, although both species show the same seasonal reproductive responses, they show opposite changes in body weight and fat to the same environmental stimulus (daylength), mediated by the same neuroendocrine transducer (pineal gland and its hormone, melatonin). Three sets of experiments are proposed. The first set of experiments will describe the seasonal changes in lipid metabolism and their underlying mechanisms, and include measures of regional changes in white and brown adipose tissue lipogenesis and lipolysis, and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in these processes. The second set of experiments will examine the "regulation" of body weight, lipid mass and metabolism in Siberian hamsters, in particular the recovery of body and lipid mass, and adipose tissue cellularity changes following starvation-induced decreases in body weight, and the surgical removal of adipose tissue (lipectomy) performed during both the weight gain and loss phases of the body weight cycle. The third set of experiments will explore the possibility that melatonin directly affects hamster fat cell metabolism and that "secondary hormones" that are altered by the photoperiod (melatonin), in turn affect body and lipid mass changes due to changes in the daylength. Photoperiod induced changes in insulin, glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones will be documented, and experimentally manipulated to mimic the circulating levels associated with the photoperiod opposite to the photoperiod the animals are housed in. Changes in lipid mass and metabolism will be monitored. This multidisciplinary approach (utilizing concepts and techniques from endocrinology, biochemistry, neurosciences, zoology and psychobiology) should provide new information about the seasonal influences on body weight, fat, and lipid metabolism that may reflect fundamental processes in the development, maintenance and reversal of obesity.