SPATIAL COORDINATES OF VISUO VESTIBULO OCULAR REFLEXES

拟议实验的总体目标是证明， 神经元操作可以在以下概念内有意义地解释： 内在参照系为此，实现参考 研究脊椎动物眼和头运动系统中的框架 在行为方面，它们的系统发育和个体发育 发展第一个具体目标是确定 前庭-眼反射系统的感觉-运动转换和 涉及神经元回路。第二个项目将建立 前庭神经元结构与功能关系 在物理空间的所有三个维度上的自愿眼球运动。的 第三个具体目标将是描述视动性的个体发生 视网膜-小脑-前庭-眼神经环内的参考框架， 使用黑暗饲养的动物。第四个具体目标针对系统发育 脊椎动物前庭-眼神经系统的发育，特别是 通过颌口获得水平半规管， 典型的硬骨鱼和板鳃虎鱼眼组织。第五 具体的目标将是进一步研究的生物力学的 脊椎动物头颈部的整体，将这项研究扩展到人类头部 运动系统完成这个特定的项目可能会产生有用的 涉及颈椎的矫形和神经系统疾病的数据 脊椎 本研究中使用的实验技术包括急性和慢性 动物制剂，三维视觉和前庭刺激， 细胞外和细胞内记录，细胞外和细胞内辣根 过氧化物酶（HRP）组织化学，三维眼动记录 用磁探测线圈技术，电影放射照相术， 甲状腺终末器官病变。 作为一个长期目标，拟议的实验应证明， 大脑利用内在参考系来减少自由度 的感觉运动系统，从而简化神经元的操作，以及 根据一个狭窄的最佳窗口来节省大脑功能 脑体比

The overall goal of the proposed experiments is to demonstrate that neuronal operations can be meaningfully interpreted within the concept of intrinsic reference frames. To this effect, the realization of reference frames in the eye and head movement system of vertebrates will be studied in a behavioral context, as will their phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. The first specific aim will be to determine the process of sensory-motor transformation in the vestibulo-ocular reflex system and the involved neuronal circuits. The second project will establish the structure-function relationship of vestibular neurons to compensatory and voluntary eye movements in all three dimensions of physical space. The third specific aim will be to describe the ontogenesis of the optokinetic reference frame within the retino-cerebello-vestibulo-oculomotor loop, using dark-reared animals. The fourth specific aim targets the phylogenetic development of the vertebrate vestibulo-oculomotor system, in particular the acquisition of a horizontal semicircular canal by gnathostomes and the prototypical bony fish and elasmobranch oculomotor organization. The fifth specific aim will be to investigate further the biomechanics of the vertebrate head-neck ensemble, extending this study to the human head movement system. Completion of this particular project may yield useful data in regard to orthopedic and neuronal disorders involving the cervical vertebral column. Experimental techniques utilized in this research include acute and chronic animal preparations, three-dimensional visual and vestibular stimuli with extraand intracellular recordings, extra- and intrdcellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry, three-dimensional eye movement recordings with the magnetic search coil technique, cineradiography, and selective lesions of labyrinthine endorgans. As a long-term goal, the proposed experiments should demonstrate that the brain utilizes intrinsic reference frames to reduce the degrees of freedom of sensory-motor systems, thus simplifying neuronal operations, as well as economizing brain function in light of a narrow window of optimal brain-to-body ratio.