ROLE OF PEPTIDES IN OCULOMOTOR NEUROTRANSMISSION

动眼神经通路的副交感神经成分负责 一些关键的非视网膜眼球突起，包括控制 光圈，调节和调节血液流向 视网膜。该通路中自主神经节细胞的胞体为 位于睫状神经节。睫状核的所有突触前终末 神经节起源于Edinger-Westphal核的中脑。 这些终端中含有的乙酰胆碱是唯一被证实的 神经节中的神经递质，作用于烟碱受体 突触后神经节细胞。 近年来，P物质样免疫反应和亮氨酸脑啡肽样免疫反应 已定位于大多数细胞的致密核心小泡内 鸟类睫状神经节的胆碱能终末，提示这些 神经活性多肽与乙酰胆碱一起跟随神经释放 刺激。这些多肽在脑内神经传递中的作用 眼球运动系统尚不清楚，将在本提案中进行检查。 从鸡胚和孵化的鸡获得完整的睫状神经节 将在体外电生理室中进行研究。细胞内 并将使用细胞外记录方法来表征 神经节中的非烟碱传递。P物质及其受体的作用 亮氨酸脑啡肽将通过应用这些和相关的 多肽。纳洛酮，一种特定的阿片类拮抗剂，将被用于揭示 任何内源性阿片类药物的作用。 鸟类睫状神经节包含两种不同类型的突触后 细胞，睫状神经和脉络膜神经元，可以很容易地被 玻璃微电极。此外，形成的突触前终末 睫状神经细胞上的大的帽状终末也可以成功地 被刺穿了。因此，突触前和突触后的成分都可以被研究 在这个神经节里。穿透突触前和突触后的能力 雏鸡睫状神经节中的成分对 项目，因为存在的神经活性多肽很可能对 神经节突触的两侧。量子大小和量子含量 也将在暴露于神经活性多肽之前和期间进行测定。 这项提案应提供有关以下方面的重要信息 内源性神经活性多肽在动眼神经突触传递中的作用 路径。许多眼科临床疾病都涉及到这方面的缺陷 系统。这些缺陷包括住宿方面的一些缺陷，内部 眼肌麻痹和紧张性瞳孔。此外，瞳孔的状况 是众多眼科综合征的重要诊断征象 头部的创伤性损伤。

The parasympathetic component of the oculomotor pathway is responsible for a number of critical non-retinal ocular processes, including control of the light aperture, accommodation and the regulation of blood flow to the retina. The cell bodies of autonomic ganglion cells in this pathway are located in the ciliary ganglion. All presynaptic terminals in the ciliary ganglion originate in the midbrain in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Acetylcholine, contained within these terminals, is the only proven neurotransmitter in the ganglion, acting at nicotinic receptors on postsynaptic ganglion cells. Recently, substance P-like and leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities have been localized within dense core vesicles in a majority of these cholinergic terminals in the avian ciliary ganglion, suggesting that these neuroactive peptides are released along with acetylcholine following nerve stimulation. The role of these peptides in neurotransmission in the oculomotor system is not known and will be examined in this proposal. Intact ciliary ganglia obtained from chick embryos and hatched chickens will be studied in an in vitro electrophysiological chamber. Intracellular and extracellular recording methods will be used to characterize non-nicotinic transmission in the ganglion. The effects of substance P and leucine-enkephalin will be examined by application of these and related peptides. Naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, will be used to reveal any endogenous opioid actions. The avian ciliary ganglion contains two distinct types of postsynaptic cells, the ciliary and choroid neurons, which can be readily impaled by glass microelectrodes. In addition, presynaptic terminals which form large, calyciform endings on the ciliary neurons can also be successfully impaled. Thus, both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements can be studied in this ganglion. The ability to impale both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements in the chick ciliary ganglion is of critical importance to the project, since the neuroactive peptides present may well have effects on both sides of the ganglionic synapse. Quantal size and quantal content will also be determined before and during exposure to neuroactive peptides. This proposal should provide important information on the role of endogenous neuroactive peptides in synaptic transmission in the oculomotor pathway. A number of clinical diseases of the eye involve defects in this system. These include some defects in accommodation, internal ophthalmoplegia and tonic pupil. In addition, the condition of the pupil is an important diagnostic sign in numerous ocular syndromes and in traumatic injuries to the head.