STRUCUTRE, REGULATION, EVOLUTION OF DUPLICATE ADH GENES

我们研究的目标是了解 对基因表达的组织特异性控制。为了实现这些目标，我们 正在研究ADH基因座重复的起源和表达 D.mojvensis和其他近缘物种。我们特别专注于 基因表达的几个变化，这些变化是自人类起源以来进化的 复制品。第一个是ADH-1在细胞中的表达 Mojvensis和D.arizonensis的卵巢。我们将比较核苷酸 这两个物种的ADH基因座序列及其最接近的两个 不表达ADH-1的近缘种D. 卵巢。我们将确定DNA中可能存在的潜在区域 与卵巢表达相关，并利用P元件检测其功能作用 介导性转化。我们将把对ADH-1调控的研究扩展到 幼虫不同部位ADH-1表达的多态特征 直觉。将构建用于替代模式的真的线 肠道ADH-1的表达及其与肠道之间的相关性 表达和限制性内切酶片段，包括5‘区 ADH-1基因将在遗传分析中进行研究。 我们将把研究扩展到ADH重复的起源和 与我们已经存在的其他物种的表达模式不同 有别于通常的ADH表达的记录模式 在具有两个ADH基因的物种中发现的表达模式。这些分析 也将有助于我们了解复制的起源。 旨在了解复制的来源的其他实验 将会进行。 最后，我们有兴趣提供与 认为进化的主要事件是调控变化的假说 信息。为了实现这一点，将进行实验，以 确定是否有任何改变的ADH-1表达模式已经被 观察到的卵巢表达或肠道表达可以与 适应性显著的功能。

The goals of our research are to understand the molecular basis for the tissue specific control of gene expression. To accomplish these goals we are studying the origin and expression of a duplication of the Adh locus in D. mojavensis and other related species. We are specifically focusing on several changes in gene expression which have evolved since the origin of the duplication. The first of these is the expression of Adh-1 in the ovary of D. mojavensis and D. arizonensis. We will compare the nucleotide sequence of the Adh locus in these two species with their two closest relatives, D. mulleri and "species N", that do not express Adh-1 in the ovary. We will identify potential regions of the DNA which could be relevant to ovary expression and test their functional role using P element mediated transformation. We will extend our studies on Adh-1 regulation to characterize the polymorphism of Adh-1 expression in regions of the larval gut. Lines will be constructed which breed true for alternate patterns of gut Adh-1 expression and the correlation which appears to exist between gut expression and restriction fragments which include the 5' region of the Adh-1 gene will be studied in a genetic analysis. We will extend our studies to the origin of the Adh duplication and alternate expression patterns to other species in which we have already documented patterns of Adh expression which are different from the usual pattern of expression found in species with two Adh genes. These analyses will also contribute to our knowledge about the origin of the duplication. Additional experiments aimed at understanding the origin of the duplication will be conducted. Finally we are interested in providing information related to the hypothesis that major events of evolution are changes in regulatory information. To accomplish this, experiments will be conducted to determine if any of the altered patterns of Adh-1 expression that have been observed i.e. ovary expression or gut expression, can be associated with an adaptively significant function.