22-ICRAD Call 2 - AdapTB.

牛结核病（bTB）对农业构成威胁。它是由属于被称为结核分枝杆菌复合体（MTBC）的遗传相似谱系复合体的细菌引起的。典型的动物适应物种牛分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium bovis, Mb）是欧洲和英国bTB的主要病原体，是一种多宿主病原体，能够感染野生动物宿主和人类。基于屠宰场监测和强制检测和屠宰反应器牛的根除计划未能根除bTB，导致财政、人畜共患病和生态系统风险增加。宿主对Mb感染的免疫反应存在异质性，这直接影响受感染牛传播的风险。在最好的情况下，病原体被宿主的先天免疫系统清除。逃避先天免疫清除和适应性免疫反应的参与导致肉芽肿，这是向前传播的关键因素，也是宿主试图控制病原体复制的机制。在AdapTB中，我们将确定Mb与宿主相互作用以驱动病理并最终传播的潜在机制。

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) represents a threat to the agricultural industry. It is caused by bacteria belonging to a complex of genetically similar lineages known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The canonical animal-adapted species, Mycobacterium bovis (Mb), is the main causative agent of bTB in Europe and the UK and is a multi-host pathogen capable of infecting wild-life reservoirs and humans. Eradication programs based on abattoir surveillance and mandatory test and slaughter of reactor cattle have failed to eradicate bTB resulting in an increased financial, zoonotic and ecosystem risk. There is a heterogeneity in the hosts immune response to infection with Mb and this directly influences the risk of transmission from infected cattle. In the best-case scenario, the pathogen is cleared by the host innate immune system. Escape from innate immune clearance and the engagement of the adaptive immune response results in a granuloma, a key element in both onward transmission as well as a mechanism by which the host attempts to control pathogen replication. In AdapTB we will identify the underlying mechanisms by which Mb interacts with the host to drive pathology and, ultimately transmission.