DETERMINANTS OF INFANT VISUAL ATTENTION

拟议的研究分析了潜在的变化过程， 婴儿视觉注意力作为一种经验函数， 刺激。 此前的研究表明，至少有两个 独立的过程相互作用，决定注意力反应： 记忆过程（习惯化）控制反应 减量，和唤醒过程（敏化）控制 瞬态响应增量。 此外，一个链接已 在宣传过程和 图的阈上对比度。 四种研究途径 建议扩展这一分析。 第一个重点是 通过测试（a） 敏感的视觉刺激将增强对任何其他视觉刺激的注意力 视觉刺激，和（B）听觉刺激是否可以激发 视觉注意力。 第二条研究路线涉及进一步使用 的线性系统分析，研究刺激的决定因素 敏感化过程。 幼儿视觉与视觉的“契合” 能力和模式的刺激能量似乎是 关键变量;这种分析提供了一种强有力的方法， 视觉注意力的个体发育变化。 第三个研究领域 包括双过程分析的几个应用， 最初的试验场。 特别是关于（a）新奇的研究 与熟悉度偏好，和（B）前之间的差异， 并提出了足月婴儿的注意反应。 的 这里检验的主要假设是， 对这两种现象都有贡献。 最后， 学习和记忆的敏感性。 致敏可抑制视觉注视，因此可改善 编码. 幼儿视觉注意的双加工分析 表明注意力的变化是经验的函数， 不仅反映了认知因素，而且还反映了感官知觉和 动机因素 这些多重决定因素导致 重新解释一些现有的数据，并有影响， 用于婴儿注意力的临床和实际应用 范例

The proposed research analyzes processes underlying changes in infant visual attention as a function of experience with a stimulus. Previous research has established that at least two separate processes interact to determine the attentional reaction: A memorial process (habituation) controlling response decrements, and an arousal process (sensitization) controlling transient response increments. Furthermore, a link has been established betweeen the sensitization process and the suprathreshold contrast of the pattern. Four avenues of research are proposed to extend this analysis. The first focuses on the generality of the sensitization process by testing (a) whether a sensitizing visual stimulus will enhance attention to any other visual stimulus, and (b) whether auditory stimulation can energize visual attention. The second line of research involves further use of the linear systems analysis to study the stimulus determinants of the sensitization process. The "fit" between infants' visual capabilities and the pattern's stimulus energy appears to be the crucial variable; this analysis offers a powerful approach to ontogenetic changes in visual attention. The third research area includes several applications of the dual process analysis outside its initial testing ground. In particular, studies on (a) novelty versus familiarity preferences, and (b) differences between pre- and full-term infants' attentional responses are proposed. The main hypothesis tested here is that sensitization differences contribute to both phenomena. Finally, the consequences of sensitization for learning and memory are considered. Sensitization prolongs visual fixation and may, therfore, improve encoding. The dual-process analysis of infant visual attention suggests that changes in attention as a function of experience reflect not only cognitive factors, but also sensory-perceptual and motivational factors. These multiple determining factors lead to re-interpretations of some existing data, and have implications for clinical and practical applications of infant attention paradigms.