THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSCIENCE, GUILT, AND MORALITY

关于其本质和个体发生起源，主要有三种学说。 道德规范；道德普遍主义、道德发展主义与道德 相对主义。这三种理论在他们必须做的事情上有很大的不同 谈论a)良心、内疚和超我的存在或不存在 在不同的年龄和不同的文化中；b)理性与武断 关于什么是恶行，什么是美德的判断基础；以及c) 道德准则在多大程度上要么是社会化产物，要么是 自我建构知识的例子。拟议研究的目标是 就是确定什么是普遍的，什么是相对的，什么是发展的 道德准则。这将通过a)记录存在或不存在来完成 (B)印度和美国不同年龄的道德情操； 通过考察道德准则背后的理性和非理性观念 儿童和成人在这两种文化中的作用；以及c)通过评估 在道德理解的个体发生中的社会化过程。 该提案以家庭用具为重点，描述了一种跨文化 识别共同点和不同点的发展性设计 在印度儿童(4-6岁、8-10岁、12-14岁)和成年人的道德准则中 还有美国。印度和美国入选 比较是因为他们的文化传统在方式上截然不同 与超我形成和超我起源的研究直接相关 赛尔夫。该提案描述了一系列调查道德问题的方法 包括迭代民族志访谈和社会语言学的代码 分析“问责情况”中的指控和借口。这个 该项目追溯了儿童情感和理解的根源 区分正常的良知的功能和功能 临床精神病患者。

There are three major theories about the nature and ontogenetic origins of moral codes; moral universalism, moral developmentalism and moral relativism. The three theories differ dramatically in what they have to say about a) the presence or absence of conscience, guilt and the superego at different ages and in different cultures; b) the rational vs. arbitrary foundations of judgments about what's a vice and what's a virtue; and c) the extent to which moral codes are either products of socialization or examples of self-constructed knowledge. The goal of the proposed research is to determine what's universal, what's relative and what develops in moral codes. This will be done a) by documenting the presence or absence of the moral sentiment at different ages in India and the United States; b) by examining the rational and non-rational ideas underlying the moral codes of children and adults in those two cultures; and c) by assessing the role of socialization processes in the ontogeny of moral understandings. Focusing on household sets, the proposal describes a cross-cultural developmental design for identifying points of agreement and disagreement in the moral codes of children (ages 4-6, 8-10, 12-14) and adults in India and the United States. India and the United States have been selected for comparison because their cultural traditions radically contrast in ways directly relevant to the study of superego formation and the origins of self. The proposal describes a series of methods for investigating moral codes including iterative ethnographic interviewing and the sociolinguistic analysis of accusations and excuses in "situations of accountability." The project traces the origins in children of the sentiments and understandings that distinguish normal conscience ridden functioning from the functioning of the clinical psychopath.