SNACC: Suburban Neighbourhood Adaptation for a Changing Climate - identifying effective, practical and acceptable means of suburban re-design

拟议的研究回答了这样一个问题：如何才能最好地调整现有的郊区社区，以减少气候变化的进一步影响并经受住持续的变化？我们对通过改变个人住宅和更大范围的社区规模的适应(城市重新设计)来适应建成的环境感兴趣。气候变化未来将影响到英国的每个人，但变化的规模和强度将取决于你居住的地方。同样，个人和社区面对气候变化的适应和变化的能力也取决于你住在哪里，因为你和你的邻居有多富有，你所住的房子和社区的类型，以及当地政策制定者和公共服务提供者将如何有效地应对挑战。这项研究的重点是郊区的适应，因为它是英国最常见的城市区域类型，居住着84%的人口。迫切需要了解如何适应现在郊区的建成环境，以确保它们在未来是宜居和可持续的。如果做不到这一点，可能会对人类、环境和经济造成重大后果(例如，热应激导致的死亡、空气质量下降导致的健康不良、不愿使用当地的户外环境、对房屋和花园的破坏，以及对房地产市场的不利影响)。成功的适应和缓解措施将是那些在技术上表现良好的措施(即它们保护人和财产免受气候变化的影响)，但也是那些最实际和最能被那些必须实施这些措施的人所接受的措施(即我们必须能够负担得起这些措施并愿意与之共处)。我们的研究设计、研究方法和合作者的选择都反映了适应的技术和社会经济方面。我们将与现有的研究(由SNACC团队、BKCC和其他人)合作，测试它们在不同类型郊区(如维多利亚、战后、20世纪80年代)的技术和社会经济表现，以及这些地区社区应对气候变化影响的能力。利用来自3个城市(布里斯托尔、牛津和斯托克波特)的6个社区，我们将与主要的变革推动者(如房主、民选成员和规划者)合作，使用(气候变化、房价和适应结果的)高级模型、允许参与者想象“适应”的社区将是什么样子的工具，以及社会科学的审议方法，以生成可行的、并得到利益相关者充分认可的适应战略组合。适应战略的实践相关性是SNACC项目的核心。我们已经组建了一个由学术合作伙伴(来自英格兰西部大学、牛津布鲁克斯大学和Heriot-Watt)和利益相关者合作伙伴(布里斯托尔市、牛津市和斯托克波特议会，以及White Design)以及ARUP(顾问)组成的团队，他们反映了能够在建筑环境中实施研究结果的广泛的利益相关者。我们得到了来自美国、瑞典(X2)、澳大利亚和葡萄牙的五位顶尖访问研究人员的支持，他们将在良好实践方面提供国际见解：这是气候变化研究的基本要素。我们还得到了来自DCLG、CABE、RTPI、建设卓越软件、未来论坛、现代建筑环境网络和地方政府改善和发展机构(IDEA)的咨询小组的支持，该机构致力于合作和有效的传播。该团队将确保我们的调查结果以适合不同受众的形式呈现，并传达给政策、实践、公众和学术受益者的广泛网络。实际上，这些结果将有助于确保英国郊区在面对气候变化时有一个可持续的未来。

The proposed research answers the question: How can existing suburban neighbourhoods be best adapted to reduce further impacts of climate change and withstand ongoing changes? We are interested in adaptations to the built environment, through changes to individual homes and larger neighbourhood scale adaptations (urban re-design). Climate change will affect everyone in the UK in the future, but the scale and intensity of change will depend on where you live. Equally the capacity of individuals and communities to adapt and change in the face of climate change also depends on where you live because of how wealthy you and your neighbours are, of the type of house and neighbourhood you live in and how effectively local policy makers and public service providers will respond to the challenge. This research focuses on the adaptation of suburban neighbourhoods because it is the most common type of urban area in the UK, housing 84% of the population. There is an urgent need to understand how to adapt the built environment in suburbs now, to ensure that they are liveable and sustainable in the future. Failure to do so could have significant human, environmental and economic consequences (such as fatalities from heat stress, ill health from reduced air quality, reluctance to use local outdoor environments, damage to homes and gardens, and adverse impact on property markets). Successful adaptation and mitigation measures will be those that perform well technically (i.e. they protect people and property from climate change impacts) but are also those that are the most practical and acceptable for those who have to make them happen (i.e. we have to be able to afford them and want to live with them). Our research design, the research method and the choice of collaborators reflect both the technical and socio-economic aspects of adaptation. We will work with existing research (by the SNACC team, BKCC and others) to test various adaptation 'packages' for their technical and socio-economic performance in different types of suburb defined in terms of the type of area (e.g. Victorian, post-war, 1980s) but also in terms of the capacity of communities in those areas to do something about climate change impacts. Using 6 neighbourhoods from 3 cities (Bristol, Oxford and Stockport) we will work with key agents of change (e.g. home owners, elected members and planners) using advanced modelling (of climate change, house prices and adaptation outcomes), tools that allow participants to visualise what 'adapted' neighbourhoods will look like, and deliberative methods from social sciences, to generate a portfolio of adaptation strategies that are feasible, and fully endorsed by stakeholders. The practice relevance of adaptation strategies is central to the SNACC project. We have assembled a team of academic partners (from University of the West of England, Oxford Brookes University and Heriot-Watt) and stakeholder partners (Bristol City, Oxford City and Stockport Councils, and White Design) as well as ARUP (consultants) that reflects a broad range of stakeholders that can implement the findings in the built environment. We are supported by five leading Visiting Researchers from the USA, Sweden (X2), Australia and Portugal who will offer international insights in good practice: an essential element in climate change research. We are also supported by an advisory group of from DCLG, CABE, RTPI, Constructing Excellence SW, Forum for the Future, the Modern Built Environment Network and The Improvement and Development Agency for Local Government (IDeA) which is committed to collaboration and effective dissemination. This team will ensure our findings are presented in forms appropriate for different audiences, and communicated to a wide network of policy, practice, public and academic beneficiaries. The outcomes will contribute, practically, to securing a sustainable future for the UK's suburbs in the face of climate change.