COORDINATION OF POSTURE AND ARM MOVEMENTS

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：长期目标 是为了确定神经系统如何协调 手臂动作的姿势。 当人类移动并与 环境，环境施加回的反作用力 身体必须适应。 这些力量可以改变 身体，从而改变运动的准确性。 当 运动本身（以及它们与 环境）即将被执行，神经系统的行为， 通过收缩相关的姿势肌肉来预测这些反作用力 在收缩肌肉之前， 拟采取的具体行动。 这种姿势活动被称为 “预期的姿势调整”，这是必不可少的执行 许多正常的日常动作。 研究人员建议进行三组实验， 更好地了解神经系统如何控制 身体的姿势，同时移动手臂。每组 实验解决了一个特定的目标：（1）检查动觉如何 输入用于确定在预期姿势之后等待多长时间 活动开始触发手臂运动在一个不熟悉的机械 环境 这将涉及神经系统完整的受试者 和多发性硬化症患者 (2)为了确定神经质 系统学习在不熟悉的环境中协调姿势和手臂运动， 机械环境 这只会涉及到神经系统完整的 科目 (3)来研究神经系统如何组织肌肉 在有针对性的，可能是有目的的手臂运动过程中的活动（仅 正常受试者将参与）。 据说这些实验 不仅能揭示相对未开发的运动区域 控制，但也可能导致更好地治疗一些运动障碍， 控制假肢，以及准确地移动， 外太空的微重力

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from investigator's abstract): The long-term goal of this application is to determine how the nervous system coordinates posture with arm movements. When man moves and interacts with the environment, the reaction forces that the environment exerts back on the body must be accommodated. These forces can change the posture of the body and, consequently, alter the accuracy of the movements. When movements themselves (and their possible interaction with the environment) are about to be executed, the nervous system acts to anticipate these reaction forces by contracting related postural muscles prior to contracting the muscles that will actually carry out the intended specific action. This postural activity has been termed "anticipatory postural adjustments", and it is essential for carrying out many normal, everyday movements. The investigators propose to carry out three sets of experiments to develop a better understanding of how the nervous system controls the posture of the body while it simultaneously moves the arm. Each set of experiments addresses a specific aim: (1) To examine how kinesthetic input is used to determine how long to wait after anticipatory postural activity begins to trigger arm movements in an unfamiliar mechanical environment. This will involve subjects who are neurologically intact and subjects with multiple sclerosis. (2) To determine how the nervous system learns to coordinate posture and arm movements in an unfamiliar mechanical environment. This will involve only neurologically intact subjects. (3) To examine how the nervous system organizes muscle activity during targeted, and presumably purposeful, arm movements (only normal subjects will participate). It is claimed that these experiments will not only shed light on relatively unexplored areas of movement control, but may also lead to better treatment of some motor disorders, controlling limb prostheses, as well as moving accurately in the microgravity of outer space.