SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CONTROL OF TARGETED LIMB MOVEMENTS

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：本体感觉， 对位置和运动的感知，在运动中起着至关重要的作用 协调。在上一次供资期间， 本体感觉的运动运动学被证明是复杂的。 人类的肘部。只有两个运动学变量，位置和速度 不足以解释正常的人类本体感觉。一直以来 确定职位被认为是三个截然不同的变量 不止一种：静态位置和两种形式的动态位置(绝对位置 关节角度和相对角度距离)。人类可以感知到 独立的静态位置，两种形式的动态位置，以及 速度。这种知觉的独立性导致了这样的假设 静态位置和速度是动态位置和速度的两种形式 独立地表现在本体感受性传入的放电中。 在拟议的研究中，将通过比较来检验这一假设 每个运动学变量对人体肌肉放电模式的感知 纺锤体传入纤维。对射击模式的分析将测试 假设肌梭代表所有四个运动学变量， 部分是通过对人口的功能细分，部分是通过 每个传入的多个变量的表示。细分市场 基于背景激发的存在或不存在。建议数 研究有三个具体目标。具体目标1是调查 CNS感知静态位置，两种类型的动态位置，以及 速度。人类受试者将执行一系列知觉-运动任务 涉及手腕旋转以确定手腕本体感觉是否 包括与肘部相同的四个运动学变量。具体目标2 是识别潜在的传入放电模式的特征 表示四个运动学变量中的每一个。肌肉的反应 在手腕旋转过程中将记录心轴传入 在知觉-运动任务中使用的。具体目标3是确定 对于每个运动学变量的表示形式， 中枢神经系统。肌腱振动将被用来系统地扭曲 与每个运动学变量相关联的传入放电模式。 拟议的实验涉及三种新的实验技术， 都是在上一次筹资期间制定的。知觉-运动任务 将使用在理解程度方面独一无二的 潜在的本体感觉机制。由行为引起的神经记录 人类(显微神经学)将在一场史无前例的 运动波形的频谱。将实施肌腱振动 使用一种独特的设备，其中频率、幅度和 刺激力可以精确控制。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Proprioception, the perception of position and movement, plays a critical role in motor coordination. During the last funding period, the representation of movement kinematics by proprioception was shown to be complex in the human elbow. Just two kinematic variables, position and velocity, are inadequate to explain normal human proprioception. It has been determined that position is perceived as three distinct variables rather than one: static position, and two forms of dynamic position (absolute joint angle and relative angular distance). Humans can perceive independently static position, both forms of dynamic position, and velocity. This independence of perception leads to the hypothesis that static position, both forms of dynamic position, and velocity are independently represented in the discharge of proprioceptive afferents. In the proposed study, this hypothesis will be tested by comparing perception of each kinematic variable to firing patterns of human muscle spindle afferents. The analysis of firing patterns will test the hypothesis that muscle spindles represent all four kinematic variables, partly by a functional subdivision of the population, and partly by representation of multiple variables by each afferent. The subdivision is based on the presence or absence of background firing. The proposed study has three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 is to investigate how the CNS perceives static position, both types of dynamic position, and velocity. Human subjects will perform a series of perceptual-motor tasks involving wrist rotations to determine whether wrist proprioception includes the same four kinematic variables as the elbow. Specific Aim 2 is to identify features of afferent firing patterns that potentially represent each of the four kinematic variables. Responses of muscle spindle afferents will be recorded during wrist rotations identical to those used in the perceptual-motor tasks. Specific Aim 3 is to determine what representations of each kinematic variable are understood by the CNS. Tendon vibration will be used to distort systemically features of the afferent firing patterns associated with each kinematic variable. The proposed experiments involve three novel experimental techniques that were developed during the last funding period. A perceptual-motor task will be used that is unique in terms of the level of understanding of underlying proprioceptive mechanisms. Nerve recording from behaving humans (microneurography) will be carried out during an unprecedented spectrum of movement waveforms. Tendon vibration will be implemented with a unique piece of equipment in which the frequency, amplitude and force of stimulation can be precisely controlled.