NEURAL GENESIS OF RESPIRATORY RHYTHM

总的目标是研究产生的神经机制， 哺乳动物的呼吸节律，特别是 相位切换 所用的方法是确定时间关系 不同的脑干呼吸神经元活动之间， 脑干和运动神经元（如膈神经）活动，受 传入输入的扰动。 具体项目： 1.使用细胞内记录来评估对 吸气（I）和呼气（E）神经元，特别是通过应用 周期触发的通货膨胀 2. I-E开关及长时间常数机制的研究 呼吸道牵张感受器输入的动作，通过操纵 迷走神经传入电刺激 3.通过即时评估活动变化来研究E-I转换 在I发作之前，特别是在腹外侧髓神经元中， 受迷走神经、上级喉和脑桥嘴输入的影响。 4.气道运动神经元（舌下神经和 喉返神经元），区别于脊髓运动神经元模式， 操纵传入输入。 5.通过特定群体之间联系的交叉相关研究， 例如延髓头端至尾端E神经元的投射， 递减的I神经元的吻和尾E神经元（同时额外的， 和细胞内记录）。 6.节律发生器子系统的双向性和可塑性研究 使用脑干矢状面劈裂，并使用 功率谱分析;种属依赖效应的评价（猫与 兔子）。 7.不同I神经元群间相互作用的分析研究 高频振荡，受到紧张性和相位性输入的影响， 用相位响应曲线和功率评估效果的 光谱分析

The general objective is to study the neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm in the mammal, with special reference to phase-switching. The method used is to ascertain the time relations between different brain-stem respiratory neuron activities, and between brain-stem and motoneuron (e.g. phrenic) activities, as influenced by perturbations of afferent inputs. Specific projects: 1. Use of intracellular recording to evaluate inhibitory inputs to inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurons, especially by application of cycle-triggered inflations. 2. Study of I-E switching and of the mechanisms of long time-constant actions of airway stretch receptor inputs, by manipulating the timing of afferent vagal electrical stimulation. 3. Study of E-I switching by evaluating activity changes immediately preceding I onset, particularly in ventrolateral medullary neurons, as affected by vagal, superior laryngeal, and rostral pontine inputs. 4. Study of shaping of patterns of airway motoneurons (hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal), as distinguished from spinal motoneuron patterns, by manipulation of afferent inputs. 5. Study by crosscorrelation of connection betwen specific populations, e.g. projections of rostral to caudal medullary E neurons, projections of decrementing I neurons to rostral and caudal E neurons (simultaneous extra- and intracellular recordings). 6. Study of bilaterality and plasticity of rhythm generator subsystems by use of brain-stem sagittal splitting, with evaluation of effects by use of power spectral analysis; evaluation of species-dependent effects (cat vs. rabbit). 7. Study of interactions between different I neuron populations by analysis of high-frequency oscillations, as influenced by tonic and phasic inputs, with evaluation of effects by use of phase-response curves and power spectral analysis.