NEURAL GENESIS OF RESPIRATORY RHYTHM

总的目标是研究神经机制的产生 哺乳动物的呼吸节律，特别是 换相。所用的方法是确定时间关系 在不同的脑干呼吸神经元活动之间以及在 脑干和运动神经元(如膈)活动，受 传入输入的扰动。具体项目： 1.使用细胞内记录来评估抑制输入 吸气(I)和呼气(E)神经元，尤指通过应用 周期引发的通货膨胀。 2.I-E开关及其长时间常数机理的研究 呼吸道伸展感受器输入的作用，通过操纵 传入迷走神经电刺激。 3.通过即时评估活动变化来研究E-I转换 在I起病之前，尤其是在延髓腹外侧神经元，AS 受迷走神经、喉上段和桥头输入的影响。 4.呼吸道运动神经元(舌下和舌下)形态的研究 复发性喉)，区别于脊髓运动神经元模式，通过 对传入输入的操纵。 5.通过特定种群间关联的互相关研究， 例如，吻侧至尾侧延髓E神经元的投射， 将I神经元递减至吻侧和尾侧E神经元(同时超额。 和细胞内记录)。 6.节奏产生器子系统的双边性和可塑性研究 脑干矢状劈开术的应用及疗效评价 功率谱分析；物种依赖效应的评估(CAT与 兔子)。 7.通过分析研究不同i神经元种群之间的相互作用 受主音和相位输入影响的高频振荡， 利用相敏曲线和功率评估效果 光谱分析。

The general objective is to study the neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm in the mammal, with special reference to phase-switching. The method used is to ascertain the time relations between different brain-stem respiratory neuron activities, and between brain-stem and motoneuron (e.g. phrenic) activities, as influenced by perturbations of afferent inputs. Specific projects: 1. Use of intracellular recording to evaluate inhibitory inputs to inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurons, especially by application of cycle-triggered inflations. 2. Study of I-E switching and of the mechanisms of long time-constant actions of airway stretch receptor inputs, by manipulating the timing of afferent vagal electrical stimulation. 3. Study of E-I switching by evaluating activity changes immediately preceding I onset, particularly in ventrolateral medullary neurons, as affected by vagal, superior laryngeal, and rostral pontine inputs. 4. Study of shaping of patterns of airway motoneurons (hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal), as distinguished from spinal motoneuron patterns, by manipulation of afferent inputs. 5. Study by crosscorrelation of connection betwen specific populations, e.g. projections of rostral to caudal medullary E neurons, projections of decrementing I neurons to rostral and caudal E neurons (simultaneous extra- and intracellular recordings). 6. Study of bilaterality and plasticity of rhythm generator subsystems by use of brain-stem sagittal splitting, with evaluation of effects by use of power spectral analysis; evaluation of species-dependent effects (cat vs. rabbit). 7. Study of interactions between different I neuron populations by analysis of high-frequency oscillations, as influenced by tonic and phasic inputs, with evaluation of effects by use of phase-response curves and power spectral analysis.