The CPW-cavity planar Penning trap. Circuit-QED with trapped electrons and planar superconducting microwave cavities in a chip.

该研究项目致力于开发和实验证明一种新型的超导平面电子彭宁陷阱，它有望成为未来量子电路的通用构件。这项拟议的新技术能够使用先进的量子计量学协议对基本常数(如自由电子的g因子和精细结构常数)进行下一代高精度测量，这一协议分别由MPQ/Garching和哈佛大学的Cirac和GabriElse提出。还设想了一种新的超高精度磁性显微镜的研制，使用单个俘获电子作为磁性传感器。设想的磁性显微镜将能够以前所未有的精度和空间分辨率探测表面上的局部磁场。拟议的新捕获技术的第三个支柱是实施用于捕获电子的物质波干涉工具。虽然电子在几十年前被用于波粒二元论的第一次实验观测，但像相干分束器这样的基本工具从未在彭宁陷阱实验中实现过。我们的研究将努力填补这一重要空白。其动机是研究关联和纠缠的捕获电子系统，从而利用久经考验的彭宁陷阱技术对捕获粒子、量子数和自旋取向的精确制备提供的非凡控制。彭宁陷阱被广泛应用于各种应用，包括：质谱学、原子和核属性的高精度测量、反氢生产、等离子体物理等。彭宁陷阱技术的成熟最近导致了几个关于使用捕获的电子构建量子处理器的理论建议。已经构思并实际建造了新型可伸缩的平面型彭宁陷阱。然而，最初的电子平面陷阱在实验能力上是有限的，因为它们不能包括传统3D Penning陷阱的一些工具，这些工具对于这些陷阱的良好性能是必不可少的。我们提出了一种新的彭宁陷阱技术，它克服了这些限制。此外，其新颖的设计也受到了平面微波技术非凡发展的高度启发。具有极低损耗的超导微波谐振器已经建立在芯片上，能够长期存储单个光子，其中包括允许在芯片中的不同物理系统之间进行量子信息的相干传输。来自美国耶鲁大学的R Schoelkopf教授小组已经完成了对这种谐振器能力的非常显著的实验演示。上面提到的微波平面腔(或谐振器)为捕获的电子提供了许多新的可能性，确实构成了本项目将开发的新的共面波腔彭宁陷阱的主要技术基础。

This research project focuses on the development and experimental demonstration of a novel superconducting planar Penning trap for electrons, which is conceived to become a versatile building block of future quantum circuits. The proposed new technology is capable of next generation high precision measurements of fundamental constants (such as the g-factor of the free electron and the fine-structure constant) using advanced quantum metrology protocols, as proposed by Cirac and Gabrielse from MPQ/Garching and Harvard, respectively. It is also conceived for the development of a new ultra-high precision magnetic microscope, using a single trapped electron as magnetic sensor. The envisaged magnetic microscope will permit the detection, with unprecedented accuracy and spatial resolution, of local magnetic fields on surfaces. The third pillar of the proposed new trapping technology is the implementation of matter-wave interferometric tools for trapped electrons. Although electrons were used many decades ago in the first experimental observations of wave-particle dualism, such a basic tool as a coherent beam-splitter has never been implemented in Penning trap experiments. Our research will try to fill this important gap. The motivation is the study of systems of correlated and entangled trapped electrons, thereby taking advantage of the extraordinary control offered by well-proven Penning trap techniques over the precise preparation of the trapped particles, their quantum numbers and spin orientations.Penning traps are used in a wide variety of applications including: mass spectrometry, high precision measurements of atomic and nuclear properties, antihydrogen production, plasma physics and others. The maturity achieved by Penning trap technology has recently led to several theoretical proposals about the construction of a quantum processor using trapped electrons. Novel scalable planar Penning traps have been conceived and actually built. However, the initial planar traps for electrons are limited in their experimental capabilities, since they cannot include some tools of conventional 3D Penning traps essential for the good performance of those. We propose a new Penning trap technology, which overcomes those limitations. Moreover, its novel design is also highly inspired by the extraordinary development of planar microwave technology. Superconducting microwave resonators with extremely low losses have been built on a chip, capable of storing a single photon for a long time, which, among others, permits the coherent transfer of quantum information between different physical systems in the chip. A very prominent experimental demonstration of the capabilities of such resonators has been achieved by the group of Prof R Schoelkopf from the University of Yale (USA). The mentioned microwave planar cavities (or resonators) offer plenty of new possibilities for trapped electrons and indeed constitute the main technological basis of the new CPW-cavity Penning trap to be developed within this project.