MECHANISMS OF ACOUSTIC PERCEPTION AND ORIENTATION

行为、生理和解剖学研究将在 Pteronotus P.parnellii.这些蝙蝠很适合研究 控制听觉输入的机制，它们为 声学与喉部相互作用及形态研究 针对尖锐调谐的耳蜗特化。行为和 生理学实验将利用模拟(摆动)飞行 积极参与固定、移动或回声定位的动物 飘动的靶子。耳蜗神经、第七神经和中枢神经系统的反应 听觉中枢指向发射的脉冲和回声，以及CF和FM音调突发 将在飞行过程中被持续监控，视频系统将记录 动物对特定目标的注意力。 单个单元的研究将集中在听神经纤维的特性上 以及影响尖锐调谐的因素。我们会特别注意 到具有已知频率响应的细胞群体的标记和 随后建立更精确的耳蜗频率图。 频率图将在三维计算机上叠加 耳蜗神经、第III神经及耳蜗肌特定部位的重建 科尔蒂风琴。 一种新发现的细菌的密度、排列和生理影响 含有收缩蛋白的细胞层将通过 免疫细胞化学和电子显微镜技术。假设 这些细胞接触并对基底膜-螺旋施加径向张力。 韧带复合体和影响耳蜗会的力学性能 接受测试。胶乳吸收和转运的生理效应 第七神经的微球将被分析和选择 光热分解对螺旋神经节细胞和传出细胞的破坏 身体将会被尝试。这些研究在许多领域有着广泛的应用。 基本听觉机制的研究，在发展中更多 复杂的主动声纳系统，为盲人和潜在的 光热分解技术在耳鸣治疗中的应用 任何疾病，其中选定的神经元组可能是有利的 被毁了。

Behavioral, physiological and anatomical studies will be carried out on Pteronotus p. parnellii. These bats lend themselves well to the study of mechanisms controlling auditory input and they provide a model system for studies on acoustic-laryngeal interactions and morphological specializations of the cochlea for sharp tuning. Behavioral and physiological experiments will utilize simulated (pendulum) flight with animals actively involved in the echolocation of fixed, moving or fluttering targets. The responses of the cochlea, VIIIth nerve and CNS auditory centers to emitted pulses and echoes, and to CF and FM tone bursts will be monitored continuously during flight and a video system will record the animal's attentiveness to specific targets. Single unit studies will focus on the properties of auditory nerve fibers and on factors which affect sharp tuning. Special attention will be given to the labeling of cell populations with known frequency responses and the subsequent establishment of more precise cochlear frequency maps. Frequency maps will be superimposed on three-dimensional, computer reconstructions of the cochlea, VIIIth nerve and specific parts of the organ of Corti. The density, arrangement and physiological influence of a newly discovered layer of cells containing contractile proteins will be studied by immunocytochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques. The hypothesis that these cells contact and apply radial tension to the basilar membrane-spiral ligament complex and affect the mechanical properties of the cochlea will be tested. The physiological effects of the uptake and transport of latex microspheres by the VIIIth nerve will be analyzed and selective photothermolytic destruction of spiral ganglion cells and efferent cell bodies will be attempted. These studies have wide applications in the study of basic auditory mechanisms, in the development of more sophisticated active sonar systems for the blind, and in the potential application of photothermolytic techniques to the treatment of tinnitus or any disorder where selected groups of neurons might be advantageously destroyed.