NEURAL CONTROL OF RESPIRATION

我们的长期目标是分析高血压的神经机制。 脊椎动物的呼吸，使用分离的 新生大鼠脑干/脊髓。这种新型制剂 展示了显著的实验优势，如静止不动 细胞内记录的条件，不受限制地访问 脑干，消除来自外围的反馈机制， 对沐浴用药的快速反应，以及自动进行的 由中央模式发生器产生的呼吸节律。 这项建议的目的是首先验证实验 体外呼吸节律分析与比较模型 对新生大鼠呼吸肌的活动性有一定的影响。 接下来，关键呼吸神经元在延髓中的位置将 通过射出神经递质来重新设定节律 计时，参照众所周知的呼吸核团 其他哺乳动物。拟议研究中最深入的部分 将记录来自呼吸神经元的细胞内定义 作为产生脉冲爆发或显示突触活动的细胞 与苯酚的释放相协调。目前还没有 已发表的呼吸神经元的细胞内记录 大鼠制剂。细胞将被常规地标记为细胞内 注射荧光染料。研究将集中在 运动神经元、球脊髓神经元和新的呼吸系统群组 神经元。它们的位置、活动模式、形态、突触 输入、投影和某些单元属性将是 特色化的。我们将更详细地研究 隔核运动神经元的5-羟色胺能神经支配 延髓中缝核。体外大鼠制剂，In 结合沐浴--特定药理的应用 代理，将使对基因座的理解有显著的进步， 细胞机制和受体类型，调节强大的 5-羟色胺能调节呼吸。

The long-term goal is to analyze the neural mechanisms of vertebrate respiration, using as an experimental model the isolated brainstem/spinal cord of newborn rats. This novel preparation presents significant experimental advantages such as motionless conditions for intracellular recording, unrestricted access to the brainstem, elimination of feedback mechanisms from the periphery, prompt responses to bath-applied drugs, and an automatic on-going respiratory rhythm produced by a central pattern generator. The aims of this proposal are first to validate the experimental model by analyzing the in vitro respiratory rhythm and comparing it to the in vivo activity of respiratory muscles in newborn rats. Next, the locations of key respiratory neurons in the medulla will be mapped using ejection of neurotransmitters to reset the rhythm timing, with reference to the well-known respiratory nuclei of other mammals. The most intensive part of the proposed research will be to record intracellularly from respiratory neurons defined as cells that produce impulse bursts or show synaptic activity coordinated with the phenic discharge. At present there are no published intracellular recordings from respiratory neurons in this rat preparation. Cells will be routinely marked by intracellular injection of a fluorescent dye. Research will focus on motorneurons, bulbospinal neurons, and novel groups of respiratory neurons. Their locations, activity patterns, morphology, synaptic inputs, projections, and certain cellular properties will be characterized. A more detailed study will be made of the serotonergic innervation of phrenic motorneurons from neurons in the medullary raphe nuclei. The in vitro rat preparation, in conjunction with the bath-application of specific pharmacological agents, will allow significant advances in understanding the loci, cellular mechanisms, and receptor types that mediate the powerful serotonergic modulation of respiration.