EcoWatt2050

苏格兰政府致力于促进其海洋可再生产业的可持续增长。2GW波浪和潮汐开发的海床租赁协议已经到位，项目正在通过许可程序取得进展。我们现正就波浪、潮汐及离岸风力发展的未来阶段进行策略性海洋规划。为了使海洋可再生能源在2050年之前为低碳能源组合做出重大贡献，将需要以超大规模阵列的形式进行重大的海上开发。在规划这样一个未来时，政府必须考虑各种技术的组合、超大规模阵列的位置和配置及其性能，以及气候变化对海洋环境的预期变化的影响。政府在确定其战略政策立场时，还必须确保履行法律的义务，特别是那些根据欧洲海洋战略框架指令（MSFD）到2020年实现良好环境状态（GES）的目标。EcoWatt 2050联盟是在苏格兰海洋科学技术联盟（MASTS）的支持下与埃里奥特建立的，瓦特大学和爱丁堡大学、阿伯丁大学、斯特拉斯克莱德大学、斯旺西大学、高地和岛屿大学、国家海洋学中心（利物浦）以及苏格兰海洋科学（MSS），该组织负责就海洋可再生能源开发、政策和规划的各个方面向苏格兰政府提供科学建议。该研究方案是专门为回答海洋安全部提出的问题而设计的：（1）如何利用海洋规划为可持续发展超大规模海洋可再生能源装置阵列奠定基础？(2)应采用什么标准来确定海洋可再生能源开采的生态极限，超大规模阵列特性的影响是什么？(3)我们如何区分气候变化和能源开采对海洋生态系统的影响？(4)海洋可再生能源的开发是否有可能改善或加剧气候变化对海洋生态系统的预期影响？因此，总体目标是确定海洋空间规划和政策制定的方式，使海洋能源开采达到最高水平，同时尽量减少对环境的影响，并确保这些符合欧洲法律规定的法律的标准。由MSS领导的第一个项目将监测进展，并为技术组合、超大规模阵列配置和环境验收标准制定方案。第二个项目由爱丁堡大学牵头，将开发必要的流体动力学模型，以研究大规模能源开采带来的物理变化，包括在气候变化预期的条件下。这些产出直接输入分别由HWU和阿伯丁大学领导的工作流程3和4。这些项目将这项工作扩大到审查底栖和移动的海洋物种的关键生境的可获得性和位置的变化，并确定关键生境的变化对整个生态系统的影响。最后，由MSS领导的工作流程5提供了这项研究的综合，量化了能源开采和环境变化之间的平衡，以及用于海洋空间规划和政策制定的验收标准。EcoWat2050建立在工业直接参与其工作的各个方面，并计划了一些更广泛的知识交流和利益相关者参与活动。

The Scottish Government is committed to promoting substantial sustainable growth in its marine renewable industries. Agreements for sea bed leases are already in place for 2GW of wave and tidal developments, and projects are progressing through the licensing process. Strategic marine planning for future phases of wave, tidal and offshore wind development is now in progress. For marine renewables to significantly contribute to the low-carbon energy mix towards 2050, significant offshore development in the form of very large scale arrays will be needed. In planning for such a future, the Government must consider the mix of technologies, the locations and configurations of very large scale arrays and their performance, and the implications of anticipated changes to the marine environment from climate change. In establishing its strategic policy positions, the Government must also ensure that legal obligations are met, particularly those under the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020.The EcoWatt2050 consortium has been established through the auspices of the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) with Heriot-Watt University and the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Strathclyde, Swansea and the Highlands and Islands, the National Oceanography Centre (Liverpool) and with Marine Scotland Science (MSS), the organization responsible for providing scientific advice to the Scottish Government on all aspects of marine renewable energy development, policy and planning. The research programme has been specifically designed to respond to questions posed by MSS: (1) How can marine planning be used to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of very large scale arrays of marine renewable energy devices? (2) What criteria should be used to determine the ecological limits to marine renewable energy extraction, and what are the implications for very large scale array characteristics? (3) How can we differentiate the effects of climate change from energy extraction on the marine ecosystem? (4) Are there ways in which marine renewables development may ameliorate or exacerbate the predicted effects of climate change on marine ecosystems? The overarching objective is thus to determine ways in which marine spatial planning and policy development, can enable the maximum level of marine energy extraction, while minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring that these meet the legal criteria established by European law.The research is structured in 5 workstreams. The first led by MSS will monitor progress and set out scenarios for the mix of technologies, very large scale array configurations, and environmental acceptance criteria. The second led by Edinburgh University will develop the hydrodynamic models necessary to examine the physical changes brought about by very large scale energy extraction, including under conditions anticipated from climate change. These outputs feed directly into workstreams 3 and 4 led by HWU and Aberdeen University respectively. These extend this work to examine changes in availability and location of critical habitats for benthic and mobile marine species, and to determine the consequences of changes in critical habitat for the ecosystem as a whole. Finally, workstream 5 led by MSS provides a synthesis of this research, quantifying the balance between energy extraction and environmental change and acceptance criteria to be used in marine spatial planning and policy development.EcoWat2050 builds in direct participation from industry in various aspects of its work, and has a number of wider knowledge exchange and stakeholder engagement activities planned.