Intelligent MicroGrids with Appropriate Storage for Energy (IMASE)

虽然印度和英国的背景情况非常不同，但在包括发电、负荷和存储在内的社区能源管理方面，两国有共同的要求，英国从集中发电和控制转向本地发电和控制，印度试图让更多用户上网，但短期需要在当地社区管理离网。印度面临的一个重大挑战是改善农村社区的电力供应：2012年7月，印度28个邦遭遇停电，这表明必须紧急采取行动，推进发电和配电技术，这无疑将需要大幅增加可再生能源(就像英国一样)。虽然中央分配系统的改革可能很慢，但最终用户可以通过使用“微电网”(如微型发电社区)实现重大变化，当与适当的储能技术相结合时，这些微电网具有离网运行的能力。对微电网的设计、运行和管理的研究可能在短期和中期对农村社区产生重大影响。微电网需要不同时间尺度的储能，以确保供应质量(能够快速响应以消除电力供应波动的小型储能)、日常错配(中型储能，在一天中风力/太阳能发电量低或没有时提供能量)和季节性储能(大型储能，以弥补微发电量的季节性短缺，例如在冬季或季风期)。社区微电网的这种分布式储能也为国家电网提供了减负的机会。因此，微电网的储能不仅对电网偏远地区至关重要，而且对并网微电网也具有重要作用，有助于减少社区对主电网的依赖，并在主电网容量过剩时提供分布式储能。优化微电网以最大限度地提高微电网的效率，同时保持供电的质量和安全，需要集成发电、存储和输配组件。这些组件的最佳选择和配置取决于许多关键因素，例如需求概况、微发电概况、主电网依赖关系(从无依赖关系，例如远程电网，到高度依赖关系，例如微发电能力仅占当地电力需求的一小部分)。能源管理系统需要通过直接微型发电、储存能源以及在可用时集中发电来平衡社区的能源需求。微电网可以是交流电网，也可以是直流电网，这将影响构成微电网需求的微发电和家电的电能转换效率。另一个重要因素是微电网和主电网之间的双向接口。很快就会发现，一个微电网解决方案并不是对所有潜在的部署方案都有效，需要一种灵活的系统方法来建立最好的技术和最好的能源管理战略，为当地社区提供电力，同时帮助使主电网更强大。

Whilst the background situation in India and UK are very different they have common requirements in terms of community energy management including generation, loads and storage, with the UK moving from centralised generation and control to local generation and control and India trying to get more users on-grid but with a short-term need to manage off-grid at a local community. A critical challenge for India is to improve the supply of power to rural communities: the power cuts which hit 28 states in India in July 2012 demonstrate that action must be taken urgently to advance power generation and distribution technologies and this will undoubtedly require major increases in renewable sources (as with the UK). Whilst reforms to the central distribution system may be slow, significant changes for end users can be achieved using "microgrids" (e.g. communities with microgeneration) which, when coupled to appropriate energy storage technologies, have the capability to operate off-grid. Research into design operation and management of microgrids can have a significant impact, particularly for rural communities, in the short to medium term.Energy storage is required at different time scales for microgrids in order to ensure the quality of supply (small energy stores that can respond quickly in order to even out fluctuations in the power supply), daily mismatch (medium size stores to provide energy at times of low or no wind/solar generation during a day) and seasonal storage (large stores to meet the seasonal shortfall in microgeneration, for example during the winter or monsoon period). This distributed energy storage for a community's microgrid also provides an opportunity for load shedding from the national grid. Therefore, energy storage for microgrids is not only essential for grid remote locations, but has an important role to play for grid connected microgrids, helping to reduce the dependency of the community on the main grid and providing distributed energy storage at times of over capacity on the main grid.Optimising a microgrid in order to maximise the efficiency of the microgrid whilst maintaining the quality and security of supply requires the integration of electricity generation, storage, and transmission/distribution components. The optimal selection and configuration of these components depends on a number of key factors such as demand profile, microgeneration profile, main grid dependency (ranging from no dependency, e.g. grid remote, to a high dependency, e.g. microgeneration capacity is only a fraction of the local power demand). The energy management system needs to balance a community's energy demand through direct microgeneration, stored energy and, when available, centrally generated electricity. The microgrid can be AC or DC, which will affect the power conversion efficiency for the microgeneration and appliances which make-up the demand on the microgrid. Another important factor is the two-way interface between the microgrid and main grid. It quickly becomes evident that one microgrid solution will not be effective for all the potential deployment scenarios and a flexible systems approach is needed to establish the best technologies and best energy management strategies to provide power for the local community but also to help make the main grid more robust.