Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting "new Modern Energy CONsumers" in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (MECON)

提高能源效率可以带来多种好处，例如减少家庭能源支出和提高生产率，从而促进经济增长。由于能源效率（EE）的提高，从现有资源中获得更多的资源，还可以减少温室气体（GHG）排放并增强能源安全。对于发展中国家来说，电子能源可以以更快的速度和更低的成本为那些目前无法获得电力的国家提供现代能源服务。本研究将调查大湄公河次区域（也称为GMS：柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南）的“新型现代能源消费者”的节能减排情况，以改进节能减排措施的政策设计和实施。新的现代能源消费者，即那些每天收入在2美元到5美元之间并网的人，预计将在能源需求和温室气体排放的预期增长中占很大比例。然而，这一目标群体在经合组织国家并不存在，因此很少有可以复制和/或适应大湄公河次区域的电子商务政策的例子，但这一目标群体对未来几十年该地区的经济发展至关重要。此外，有效实施能源政策仍然是大湄公河次区域和其他发展中国家面临的一项关键挑战。MECON旨在提高我们对在GMS中增加新的现代能源消费者的机会和障碍的理解。这项研究将为该地区的能源使用、节能技术和政策建立一个强有力的证据基础，并将重点放在新的现代能源消费者使用的能源资源和技术上，包括用于照明、供暖、制冷和电器的家庭用电，以及用于烹饪和个人交通工具（如摩托车）的燃料。该研究将通过从技术、社会经济和制度的角度看待机会和障碍，有助于了解环保政策的设计和实施。这样，MECON将有助于提高新的现代能源消费者的收入水平，因为通过提高能效减少家庭能源支出将使这些消费者能够专注于其他需求。该研究项目的另一个同样重要的目标是提高大湄公河次区域国家在能源、电子电气和气候变化领域的研究能力。这将包括在国际、区域和国家各级发展研究联系和网络。因此，政府、私营部门、非政府组织和学术界的一系列利益攸关方参与和传播研究成果将是MECON的一个关键组成部分。这项研究是及时的，因为预计未来几十年能源需求将迅速增长，特别是在亚洲，这在很大程度上是由于新的现代能源消费者的能源消费。针对这一重要的消费群体将对家庭经济、国家能源需求和温室气体排放产生积极的发展成果。这项研究还将帮助GMS国家——柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南——快速、经济有效地实现所有人的可持续能源获取，同时减少这种需求增加对环境的影响。项目合作伙伴:博士。Milou Beerepoot（科学领导），泰国能源与环境联合研究生院（JGSEE）博士。范黄良，越南河内科技大学博士Sok Kunthy，柬埔寨皇家农业大学Aung Thet Paing，缅甸工程学会（MES），缅甸Khamphone Nanthavong，老挝国立大学，老挝

Energy efficiency improvements offer multiple benefits, such as reduced household energy expenditure and improved productivity, thus contributing to economic growth. Getting more from existing resources due to increased energy efficiency (EE) also results in reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhanced energy security. For developing countries, EE could make modern energy services available at a faster pace and at lower costs to those who currently lack access to electricity. This research will investigate EE amongst "New Modern Energy Consumers" in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (also known as GMS: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) in order to improve policy design and implementation of EE measures. New modern energy consumers, i.e. those who are connected to the electricity grid with daily incomes of US$ 2 to 5, are expected to account for a large share of the expected increase in energy demand and thus GHG emissions. However, this target group does not exist in OECD countries and there are therefore few examples of EE policies that can be replicated and/ or adapted to the GMS, yet this target group will be essential to economic development in the region over the coming decades. Furthermore, effective implementation of energy policies remains a key challenge in GMS and other countries of the developing world. MECON aims to improve our understanding of the opportunities and barriers to increasing EE amongst new modern energy consumers in the GMS. The research will establish a robust evidence base on energy use, EE technologies and policies in the region and will focus on the energy resources and technologies that are used by new modern energy consumers, including household electricity use for lighting, heating, cooling, and appliances, as well as fuels for cooking and personal transport, such as motorbikes. The research will contribute to knowledge on the design and implementation of EE policy by looking at the opportunities and barriers from technological, socio-economic and institutional perspectives. In so doing, MECON will contribute to higher income levels for new modern energy consumers, since reduced household expenditures on energy through enhanced EE will enable these consumers to focus on other needs. An equally important objective of the research programme will be the enhancement of research capacity in GMS countries in the area of energy, EE and climate change. This will include the development of research links and networks at the international, regional and national level. The participation and dissemination of the research results to a range of stakeholders from government, the private sector, NGOs and academia will therefore be a critical component of MECON. The research is timely since energy demand is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decades, particularly in Asia and in large part as a result of energy consumption from new modern energy consumers. Targeting this important consumer group will have positive development outcomes on household economies, national energy demand and on GHG emissions. This research will also assist the countries of the GMS - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam - to realise sustainable energy access for all rapidly and cost effectively, whilst reducing the environmental impacts of this increased demand.Project partners:Dr. Milou Beerepoot (Scientific lead), Joint graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), ThailandDr. Pham Hoang Luong, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), VietnamDr. Sok Kunthy, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), CambodiaMr. Aung Thet Paing, Myanmar Engineering Society (MES), MyanmarDr. Khamphone Nanthavong, National University Of Laos (NUOL), Laos