Supergen Wind Hub

欧盟制定了到2020年20%的能源来自可再生能源的约束性目标，相关的二氧化碳减排目标为20%(与1990年相比)，能源使用量在同一日期之前减少20%。这就是所谓的20/20/20目标。英国的目标是到目前为止，15%的能源来自可再生能源。要实现这一目标，将需要超过30%的电力来自可再生能源，预计到2020年，其中31GW将来自风力发电，陆上13GW，海上18GW，到2030年，海上风电装机容量可能达到40GW。目前，陆上风电装机容量为6千兆瓦，海上风电装机容量为3千兆瓦。由于环境问题，英国陆上风力发电的发展正受到限制，这使得具有成本效益和可靠的海上开发变得更加重要。要在七年内将海上能力提高至少五倍，同时将能源成本降至最低，这在设计、运营和后勤方面都面临着非常重大的挑战。在上述背景下，从长远来看，风力发电场和风力涡轮机将建在更远的近海、更深的水域，并变得更大。拟议中的SuperGen Wind Hub汇集了英国领先的风能学术研究小组，以应对扩大到多个风力发电场的中期挑战，考虑如何更好地建造、运营和维护多GW风力涡轮机阵列，同时提供可靠的电力来源，其特征可以有效地整合到英国等现代电力系统中。短期和长期的风资源，风电场内尾流和涡轮机负载的相互作用，以及它们对可靠性的影响，都需要更好地了解。农场的布局，包括地基、对雷达和电力系统的影响以及岸上连接问题，都需要优化。风电场的最有效和最高效的运行将要求它们充当虚拟的常规发电厂，灵活地响应当前条件、风力涡轮机的状态和运行需求以及电网集成要求。超级发电风能中心的研究计划将集中在以上所有方面，包括单个农场和集群农场的水平。

The EU has a binding target of 20% of energy to come from renewables by 2020, with an associated CO2 emissions reduction target of 20% (relative to 1990) and a 20% reduction on energy usage by the same date. This is the so-called 20/20/20 target. The UK's target is for 15% of energy to be sourced from renewables by this date. For this target to be met, over 30% of electricity will need to be generated from renewables and it is anticipated that 31GW of this will come from wind power with 13GW onshore and 18GW offshore by 2020 to 40GW of offshore wind power capacity could be installed by 2030. At present 6GW of wind power have been installed onshore and 3GW offshore. Because of environmental concerns, the development of onshore wind power in the UK is being constrained making the cost-effective and reliable offshore development ever more important. To increase offshore capacity by at least a factor of five in seven years, whilst minimising the cost of energy, presents very significant design, operational and logistical challenges. Within the above context and in the longer term, wind farms and wind turbines will be sited further offshore in deeper water and become bigger. The proposed Supergen Wind Hub brings together leading wind energy academic research groups in UK to address the medium term challenges of scaling up to multiple wind farms, considering how to better build, operate and maintain multi-GW arrays of wind turbines whilst providing a reliable source of electricity whose characteristics can be effectively integrated into a modern power system such as that in the UK. The wind resource over both short and long terms, the interaction of wakes within a wind farm and the turbine loads and their impact on reliability will all need to be better understood. The layout of the farms, including foundations, impact on radar and power systems and shore-connection issues, will need to be optimised. The most effective and efficient operation of wind farms will require them to act as virtual conventional power plants flexibly responding to the current conditions, the wind turbines' state and operational demands and grid-integration requirements. The programme of research for the Supergen Wind Energy Hub will focus on all of the above, both at the level of single farms and of clusters of farms.