RII Track-4:@NASA: Wind-induced noise in the prospective seismic data measured in the Venusian surface environment

在过去60年的太空探索中，着陆器成功地降落在月球、火星、小行星爱神星（Eros）和丘留莫夫-格拉西门科彗星（Churyumov-Gerasimenko）上，收集有关它们的环境、结构和历史的数据。未来，更多的着陆器将被送往包括金星在内的其他行星，并将发现自己处于更加恶劣的环境中。虽然科学家和工程师们已经大力开发金星着陆器的技术，使其能够在450°C的温度、90 bar的压力和充满活性气体的大气中生存，但我们仍然面临着传感器信号中的噪声污染等技术挑战。特别是，在早期的火星任务中，地震仪地震数据中的风引起的噪音（风在火星和金星上吹）一直是一个主要问题，预计在未来的金星着陆器任务中也会出现类似的问题。我们需要可靠的降噪技术来清晰地听到金星的地震信号，这是这项研究的目标。该研究旨在研究具有自然不连续（如裂缝和间隙）的介质在风和地震联合振动下的非线性动力特征。在金星自然地面非线性的情况下，可以预期这两种振动可以耦合。风和地震振动的耦合会产生明显的相互作用，这种相互作用将被观察到为风致噪声。研究的主要目的是获得高质量的实验数据，作为非线性动态特征的确凿证据。在非线性动力学研究中，基于理论的预测通常是失败的，揭示这种复杂行为的实验数据是至关重要的。组织研究活动，在金星大气层的金星表面模拟环境中，从热屏蔽宽带地震仪收集地震信号。主办机构美国宇航局格伦研究中心（GRC）配备了格伦极端环境钻机，可以准确模拟金星的大气条件。GRC是进行这项研究的最佳场所，因为它需要高精度的模拟和测量。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

During the past 60 years of the nation’s space exploration, landers successfully touched down on the Moon, Mars, asteroid 433 Eros, and the Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet to collect data about their environment, structure, and history. In the future, more landers will be sent to other planetary bodies including Venus and will find themselves in a more hostile environment. While scientists and engineers have vigorously developed technologies for the Venus landers that can survive at a temperature of 450°C, a pressure of 90 bar, and an atmosphere filled with reactive gases, we still face technical challenges such as noise contamination in sensor signals. In particular, wind-induced noise (wind blows on Mars and Venus) in seismic data from seismometers has been a major concern from early Martian missions, and a similar issue is expected to occur in future Venus lander missions. We need reliable noise-cancelling techniques to hear clear seismic signal of Venus, which is a goal of this research. The research is designed to investigate nonlinear dynamic features in media that have natural discontinuities (such as cracks and gaps) under combined wind and seismic vibrations. In the case of nonlinearity in the natural ground of Venus, it is anticipated that the two vibrations can be coupled. The coupling of wind and seismic vibrations can generate significant interaction, which will be observed as wind-induced noises. The primary objective of the research is to acquire high-quality experiment data that can be used as hard evidence of nonlinear dynamic features. In the study of nonlinear dynamics where prediction based on theories usually fails, experimental data that reveal such complex behavior are critically important. Research activities are organized to collect seismic signals from a heat-shielded broadband seismometer on the simulated environment of the Venusian surface in the Venusian atmosphere. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), the host institution, is equipped with the Glenn Extreme Environments Rig, where the Venusian atmospheric conditions can be accurately simulated. GRC is the best place to conduct this research, as it requires high precision simulation and measurement.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.