RII Track-4:@NASA: Wind-induced noise in the prospective seismic data measured in the Venusian surface environment

在过去60年的国家太空探索中，着陆器成功降落在月球、火星、433号爱神小行星和丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星上，收集了它们的环境、结构和历史数据。未来，更多的着陆器将被送往包括金星在内的其他行星体，并将发现自己处于更恶劣的环境中。虽然科学家和工程师们已经为金星着陆器大力开发了能够在450摄氏度的温度、90巴的压力和充满反应性气体的大气中生存的技术，但我们仍然面临着诸如传感器信号中的噪声污染等技术挑战。特别是，来自地震仪的地震数据中的风致噪声(火星和金星上的风)一直是早期火星任务的主要担忧，预计在未来的金星着陆器任务中也会出现类似的问题。我们需要可靠的去噪技术来听到清晰的金星地震信号，这是本研究的目标之一。这项研究旨在研究在风和地震联合振动下具有自然不连续性(如裂缝和缝隙)的介质中的非线性动力学特征。在金星自然地面的非线性情况下，预计这两种振动可以耦合。风和地震振动的耦合可以产生显著的相互作用，这将被观察到是风致噪声。这项研究的主要目的是获得高质量的实验数据，这些数据可以作为非线性动力学特征的铁证。在非线性动力学的研究中，基于理论的预测通常是失败的，揭示这种复杂行为的实验数据至关重要。组织了研究活动，在金星大气中模拟金星表面环境的情况下，收集热屏蔽宽带地震仪的地震信号。主办机构美国宇航局格伦研究中心(GRC)配备了格伦极端环境装置，可以在那里准确模拟金星的大气条件。GRC是进行这项研究的最佳地点，因为它需要高精度的模拟和测量。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

During the past 60 years of the nation’s space exploration, landers successfully touched down on the Moon, Mars, asteroid 433 Eros, and the Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet to collect data about their environment, structure, and history. In the future, more landers will be sent to other planetary bodies including Venus and will find themselves in a more hostile environment. While scientists and engineers have vigorously developed technologies for the Venus landers that can survive at a temperature of 450°C, a pressure of 90 bar, and an atmosphere filled with reactive gases, we still face technical challenges such as noise contamination in sensor signals. In particular, wind-induced noise (wind blows on Mars and Venus) in seismic data from seismometers has been a major concern from early Martian missions, and a similar issue is expected to occur in future Venus lander missions. We need reliable noise-cancelling techniques to hear clear seismic signal of Venus, which is a goal of this research. The research is designed to investigate nonlinear dynamic features in media that have natural discontinuities (such as cracks and gaps) under combined wind and seismic vibrations. In the case of nonlinearity in the natural ground of Venus, it is anticipated that the two vibrations can be coupled. The coupling of wind and seismic vibrations can generate significant interaction, which will be observed as wind-induced noises. The primary objective of the research is to acquire high-quality experiment data that can be used as hard evidence of nonlinear dynamic features. In the study of nonlinear dynamics where prediction based on theories usually fails, experimental data that reveal such complex behavior are critically important. Research activities are organized to collect seismic signals from a heat-shielded broadband seismometer on the simulated environment of the Venusian surface in the Venusian atmosphere. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), the host institution, is equipped with the Glenn Extreme Environments Rig, where the Venusian atmospheric conditions can be accurately simulated. GRC is the best place to conduct this research, as it requires high precision simulation and measurement.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.