EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FETAL DEATH AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

这项研究的主要目的是确定胎儿丢失是否是 与母亲接触杀虫剂有关。 环境和 将对职业照射进行评估。 次要目的包括 确定是否在怀孕前或怀孕期间接触农药 是最重要的 研究设计将是"病例对照"， 在美国的农业县， 加州，对照组是相同数量的正常活产婴儿， 相同的县。 100种最常用的杀虫剂将被检查， 加上那些被认为具有致畸/致突变潜力的农药， 不在前100名之列。 出于几个原因，加州提供了一个独特的机会， 用于研究胎儿死亡和杀虫剂之间的关系。 第一、 农业是一个主要产业，大量使用杀虫剂。 二是 国家有按地理位置分列的农药使用历史数据。 该数据具体针对小的地理单位，如乡镇和 科. 第三，胎儿死亡在加州一直是可报告的死亡 自20世纪40年代以来，随着胎儿死亡证书的包含， 母亲的地址、职业和行业、种族、以前的 流产和其他有用的信息。 由于这些记录包含 母亲的地址，他们可以链接到前面提到的 农药数据，以确定哪些（以及数量）农药 在她怀孕前和怀孕期间在住所附近使用。 问卷 将被送到病例组和对照组的母亲那里， 职业性农药暴露和其他风险因素，如吸烟， 酒精、社会经济地位和职业暴露， 农药 在分析中将考虑混杂因素， 农药暴露

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether fetal loss is associated with maternal exposure to pesticides. Both environmental and occupational exposures will be assessed. Secondary objectives include determination of whether pesticide exposures prior to or during pregnancy are most important. The study design will be "case-control", where cases are fetal deaths reported in agricultural counties in the state of California, and controls are an equal number of normal live births in the same counties. The 100 most commonly used pesticides will be examined, plus those pesticides thought to have teratogenic/mutagenic potential that are not in the top 100 list. For several reasons, the state of California offers a unique opportunity for study of the relationship between fetal death and pesticides. First, agriculture is a major industry, with heavy use of pesticides. Second, the state has historical data on pesticide usage by geographical location. This data is specific for small geographical units such as township and section. Third, fetal deaths have been reportable deaths in California since the 1940's, with the certificates of fetal death containing the mother's address, occupation and industry, ethnicity, number of previous miscarriages, and other useful information. Since these records contain the mother's address, they can be linked to the previously mentioned pesticide data to determine which (and in what quantities) pesticides were applied near her residence before and during pregnancy. Questionnaires will be sent to case and control mothers to gather information about occupational pesticide exposures and other risk factors such smoking, alcohol, socioeconomic status, and occupational exposures other than to pesticides. Confounding factors will be accounted for in the analysis of pesticide exposure.